Audi A4, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

•  Audi A4, 2013

A bestseller has become even more attractive: Audi has updated the A4 series. New solutions for efficiency, driving dynamics and infotainment, along with an even more attractive design, attest the "Vorsprung durch Technik" achieved by the A4 Sedan, the A4 Avant, the A4 allroad quattro and the S4.

Design
The A4 is Audi's bestseller - for 39 years now and in its eighth generation. The brand has sold ten million such models in total. The Audi A4, with its elegance, sportiness and emotional appeal, forms the centerpiece of the Audi brand. And now the design has become even more clearly defined and striking in all models - the Sedan, the Avant, the allroad quattro and the S4.

The new look further accentuates the horizontal lines at the front end. The engine hood is more arched, the upper corners of the single frame grille are tapered, and the cross ribs and the Audi rings are highlighted three-dimensionally. The grille is painted gray, with high-gloss black on the six-cylinder models or in combination with the S line exterior package. The redesigned bumpers are striking with their angular air inlets, their revised grilles and the flat front fog lights. The Audi A4 allroad quattro is distinguished by its grille's horizontal chrome applications and by the round fog lights.

The headlights have also changed, with a slight wave at the bottom edges, and a re-arranged interior. Xenon plus headlights are available from Audi on request. The LED daytime running lights form a narrow, optically homogeneous band that remains open in the vicinity of the xenon lens. The adaptive light together with dynamic and static cornering lights are available on request.

The tail lights reflect the shape of the headlights, and in combination with xenon plus have homogeneous strips of LEDs. The bumper with its diffuser insert has been redesigned, with the exhaust system always terminating in two tailpipes.

There is a selection of 15 paint finishes, including four new tones. The Sedan and the Avant offer the S line exterior package, while the Avant also includes a roof spoiler.

The modifications have changed the dimensions only by a few millimeters. The Audi A4 Sedan and the Avant each have a length of 4.70 meters (15.42 ft), while the A4 allroad quattro and the S4 are 4.72 meters (15.49 ft) long. The wheelbases for all models are 2.81 meters (9.22 ft), and the width is 1.83 and 1.84 meters, respectively (6.0 and 6.04 ft). The height varies between 1.41 and 1.50 meters (4.63 and 4.92 ft) depending on the body version.

Interior
The interior of the Audi A4 models has also been refined. Audi offers a wide selection of new steering wheels with chrome and high-gloss inlays, with the leather sport steering wheel also featuring a flattened lower rim. The steering arm and the ignition key have been modified. High-gloss applications and the slender chrome trim at the controls add elegance to the interior.

The elaborate finish makes operation even simpler and more intuitive. The MMI navigation plus system now features four instead of eight buttons, with a script function integrated in the volume control dial. Other improvements concern operation of the automatic transmission, the efficient air conditioning systems, Audi drive select and the multifunction steering wheel. The seat heating and air conditioning are now directly operated at the respective buttons.

The high level of workmanship is as much a matter of course for Audi as a sure touch in the range of colors. All interior colors - except black - have been re-coordinated. The upholstery range has also been revised, with Fine Nappa leather replacing Valcona leather. The new, single-part cluster trim has been adapted in color to the interior, while the inlays are available in Aluminum Trigon, walnut dark brown and fine grain ash natural. Especially eye-catching is the Beaufort oak plywood inlay.

The interior of the S line sport package comes in black, refined with high-quality applications. 18-inch wheels or the optional 19-inch wheels and an S line sport suspension that lowers the body by 30 millimeters (1.18 in) complete the package. Audi exclusive and Audi exclusive line offer further individualized options.

The Audi A4 Sedan's luggage compartment still has its 480-liter capacity - 962 liters with the rear seats folded down (16.95 and 33.97 cubic ft). The A4 Avant and the A4 allroad quattro have 490 and 1,430 liters, respectively (17.30 and 50.50 cubic ft), with Audi offering an optional electrically operated tailgate for both models.

Engines
The new Audi A4's drive system sets new standards. The consumption levels have dropped by 11 percent on average, despite the increased power and torque of many of the engines. In the Sedan and the Avant each, Audi offers any of six TDI and four gasoline engines, with 23 possible engine-transmission combinations. All engines are supercharged direct-injection systems; the start-stop system and the recuperation system are standard throughout.

The TDI engines combine pulling power with pioneering efficiency, with the four-cylinder versions presenting extensive modifications. A new centrifugal pendulum-type absorber (in the 2.0 TDI with 100 kW, 120 kW or 130 kW with quattro drive) in the dual-mass flywheel makes engine running even more refined and quieter at low revs, for even earlier upshifting and savings of up to 0.2 liters per 100 km.

The most economical variant in the model family is the Audi A4 2.0 TDI with 100 kW (136 hp). In the Sedan, this engine needs only 4.2 liters of fuel per 100 km (56.0 US mpg) on average - a CO2 equivalent of just 112 grams per km (180.25 g/mile). The new A4 2.0 TDI with 120 kW (163 hp), also optimized for maximum efficiency, manages with 4.4 liters of diesel per 100 km (53.46 US mpg). This equates to 115 grams CO2 per km (185.07 g/mile). Both engines are available for the Sedan and the Avant.

In addition, three other four-cylinder diesel engines are available - with 88 kW (120 hp), 105 kW (143 hp) and 130 kW (177 hp). They can also be ordered for the allroad quattro, apart from the entry-level version. Three V6 TDI units complete the line. The 3.0 TDI with 150 kW (204 hp) (not for the allroad quattro) is the most efficient six-cylinder engine in its class worldwide; in the A4 Sedan it consumes an average of just 4.9 liters of fuel per 100 km (48.0 US mpg). The second variant, the 3.0 TDI, generates 180 kW (245 hp), with an especially clean diesel version.

The Audi A4 series also presents the latest state of the art in gasoline engine technology. A new highlight of the TFSI family is the new 1.8-liter engine, available for the Sedan and the Avant. The four-cylinder engine delivers sporty thrust, with a power output of 125 kW (170 hp) and 320 Nm (236.02 lb-ft) of torque. The average consumption in the Audi A4 Sedan is limited to 5.6 liters per 100 km (42.0 US mpg), or 134 grams CO2 per km (215.65 g/mile). That is a decrease in consumption of 19 percent compared with the predecessor engine.

The new 1.8 TFSI engine features many innovations: in the control of its valves and their lift, in the novel thermal management system, in the fuel injection system, in the turbocharger and in the integration of the exhaust manifold in the cylinder head. The engine weighs 3.5 kilograms (7.72 lb) less and its internal friction has sharply decreased.

The entry-level gasoline engine is the 1.8 TFSI with 88 kW (120 hp). The 2.0 TFSI - as the only spark-ignition engine also available in the Audi A4 allroad quattro - delivers 155 kW (211 hp). At the top of the line is the 3.0 TFSI in two variants. In the Audi A4 the V6, to follow a bit later, affords 200 kW (272 hp). In the sporty Audi S4 top model its power is an impressive 245 kW (333 hp).

Drivetrain
The wide range of drivetrains is typical of Audi. A six-speed manual transmission is standard on the Sedan and Avant models with front-wheel drive; most variants offer continuously variable multitronic as an option. The quattro versions have either the manual transmission or (as of the 2.0 TDI with 130 kW (177 hp)) the seven-speed S tronic on board. The Audi A4 allroad quattro employs a manual transmission or S tronic with all engine versions.

The innovative thermal management system shortens the warm-up phase of the manual transmission, among other things, and thereby reduces friction loss. All transmissions are distinguished by convenient and precise operation, high efficiency and a wide spread of gear ratios - the long ratios in the higher gears reduces fuel consumption, while the short ratios in the lower gears benefit the dynamics.

The quattro permanent all-wheel drive is standard on the Audi A4 allroad quattro, and available in the Sedan and Avant from the 2.0 TDI with 105 kW (143 hp). The A4 family uses the self-locking center differential here. In regular driving operation it primarily transmits the engine torque to the rear wheels in the ratio of 40 to 60. If necessary, redistribution occurs within the shortest possible time. The torque vectoring function supplements the work of the center differential with finely incremented brake applications, to make handling even more precise and safer.

In the V6 quattro variants Audi offers the sport differential as a supplement, lending maximum precision and high traction to the A4 when cornering at the handling limits. The high-end component actively distributes the power between the rear wheels as required.

Chassis
The chassis of the Audi A4 is striking with its sporty precision, high ride comfort and superior safety. The mounts of the rear suspension control arms and the characteristics of the shock absorbers have been even more finely tuned. Most of the components of the five-link front suspension and the trapezoidal-link rear suspension are made of aluminum.

The electromechanical power steering is new in all models of the series. The direct gear ratios convey precise road contact; slight brake applications counteract pulling to the side on unevenly slippery surfaces. The electromechanical power steering requires no energy for straight-ahead motion, thereby reducing fuel consumption by up to 0.3 liters per 100 km. This is equivalent to a reduction in CO2 emissions of up to 7 g/km (11.27 g/mile).

Another high-end feature that gives the Audi A4 a special status in its class is Audi drive select. In the basic package, the driver can switch the characteristic of the accelerator, the shift points of the automatic transmission, the power steering and the automatic air conditioning between the four modes "comfort," "auto," "dynamic" and "efficiency." If there is an onboard navigation system, the additional "individual" mode is also included.

Further modules are optional - adaptive cruise control or the cruise control system, the sport differential, the suspension with damper control and dynamic steering. By means of a superposition gear, the gear ratio is adjusted in a continuously variable manner depending on the driven speed; at the handling limits small interventions compensate for understeering and oversteering.

All front-wheel-drive versions of the Audi A4 feature the electronic stabilization program (ESP) with electronic limited slip differential. In dynamic driving the system further improves handling and safety by initiating minimum brake interventions at the front wheel that is subject to a reduced load on the inside of the curve. The large wheel brakes - with ventilated front and rear disks in many variants - offer excellent stopping power and can be precisely modulated.

All Audi A4 variants roll off the assembly line on elegant aluminum wheels. Depending on the engine version, they are 16 or 17 inches in size; tires with optimized rolling resistance belong to the 205/60 and 225/50 series. The A4 3.0 TFSI has 18-inch wheels with 245/40 series tires. The line of options ranges to 19 inches with 255/35 series tires. Four of the 18 available wheels are new designs. The A4 allroad quattro offers four independent designs.

Assistance systems
Audi offers highly developed assistance systems for the A4 family, for making driving even more relaxed. Standard on all variants is the new driver information system with break recommendation - it detects and draws the driver's attention to deviations from typical driving behavior on the basis of steering motions and other parameters.

The adaptive cruise control assistance system keeps the Audi A4 at a constant distance from the preceding vehicle at speeds between zero and 200 km/h (124.27 mph). If the threat of a rear-end collision becomes imminent at speeds below 30 km/h (18.64 mph), the system will execute a full brake application. Audi active lane assist supports the driver in keeping to his lane. A camera detects the lane markings and the system makes slight corrections to the steering if necessary. Audi side assist monitors the space behind the Audi A4 by radar and detects any vehicles in the blind spot, for example.

Infotainment systemsAudi offers a whole kit of state-of-the-art infotainment systems for its A4 series. The chorus CD radio with eight speakers is standard, while the MMI navigation plus system with large hard disk, color monitor, 3D graphics and DVD player forms the top of the line. Voice control and the optional digital audio broadcasting are further improvements to the system.

The high-end supplement to the MMI navigation plus system is the Bluetooth online car phone. Via Audi connect the system provides special services in the car, such as voice-controlled Google searches for points of interest and navigation with Google Earth pictures, along with Google Street View. Audi online traffic information, another such service, gives the driver the latest news on congestion along the selected route. The WLAN hotspot, another feature of the Bluetooth online car phone, allows passengers in the Audi A4 to surf the internet and send e-mails as they please with their mobile devices.

The Audi S4
The Audi S4, available in the Sedan and Avant versions, employs the most powerful engine in the line - the 3.0 TFSI with 245 kW (333 hp) and 440 Nm (324.53 lb-ft) torque. The Sedan's average fuel consumption is a mere 8.0 liters per 100 km (29.40 US mpg) - with an impressive performance: The Audi S4 accelerates in 5.0 seconds from zero to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) and achieves an electronically limited maximum speed of 250 km/h (155.34 mph).

The modified Audi S4 is identifiable from the changes to the headlights, the bumpers, the air inlets and colors. The interior also contains subtle changes in appearance. The S sport suspension and 18-inch wheels featured on the S4 deliver outstanding road grip.

Prices
The prices of the A4 have changed only slightly, despite the extensive upgrading. For example, the Audi A4 2.0 TFSI costs just 475 euros more - the sporty Sedan is now listed at 35,425 euros.

Read More

Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, 2013

 

 

 

•  Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, 2013

The launch of the new Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid represents one further application of Hybrid Synergy Drive® and is Toyota's core technology platform for the future.

Hybrid Synergy Drive® has been specifically designed to be modular and, adaptable to diverse energy sources, may be readily used in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Electric Vehicles (EV) and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV).

In the case of the PHEV, the full hybrid system architecture - and its long range capability - remains essentially the same, with a more powerful, externally charged battery significantly extending the all-electric driving range.

When designed as an EV powertrain, it employs a simplified HSD architecture with no petrol engine, compensating through a more powerful electric motor and sufficient battery power to drive the vehicle for several hours before external recharging is required.

Once again driven by a powerful electric motor, the FCV replaces the HSD system's petrol engine with hydrogen fuel cell technology. With the fuel cells generating electricity to charge the battery pack the FCV has no need of external charging, merely requiring refuelling with liquid hydrogen in the same manner as the Prius HSD system requires petrol.

Smart Grid for the Future Mobility Society
Toyota's PHEVs and EVs will play an important role in realising a low-carbon society. However, if many vehicles charge their batteries simultaneously during specific hours of the day, it will boost society's peak power demand. It is, therefore, crucial that this charging time is optimally controlled.

In response, Toyota is working on the Smart Grid concept -an electricity network wherein power supply and demand is efficiently controlled using IT to ensure a stable power supply and optimum energy saving.

The Smart Grid is designed to help customers live a comfortable, low-carbon eco-life by connecting vehicles, homes and people. At the heart of the Smart Grid is Toyota Home's Smart House, currently on test in Japan.

The Smart House is equipped with a Home Energy Management System (HEMS), which controls the generation of electricity by solar panels, its storage in a home battery and its efficient consumption, including vehicle charging times. The PHEV or EV is integral to the system, and the vehicle battery may be used as a household power source in emergencies.

The Smart Houses in each district are connected to a Toyota Smart Centre; a local information centre which monitors power company and home electricity generation, and each home's power usage. The Smart Centre plans power consumption and storage, and gives advice where necessary to help level power demands and ensure that electricity is efficiently used throughout the entire community.

To establish the Smart Grid, advanced IT technologies and large-scale information infrastructures are necessary, while cooperation amongst various industries and government agencies is essential. To that end, Toyota is participating in tests to evaluate the next generation of eco-cars and introduce the Smart Grid on a global scale, with projects in Japan, the United States, China and France already underway.

The World's First Full Hybrid Family
With the launch of the new Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid - the new flagship of the Prius family - the Prius becomes the first full hybrid vehicle available as a complete, stand-alone model range.

The Prius+ - the first full hybrid 7-seat vehicle to go on sale in Europe- targets growing families who require the space and flexibility of a larger, seven-seat vehicle. The new Prius Plug-in Hybrid will appeal to a new group of environmentally conscientious early adopters thanks to its extended, 25 km EV range.

After the extensive feedback of five year-long trial projects, Toyota has adopted an extended EV range of 25 km for its new PHEV. Not only does this distance offer the best compromise between EV range, performance, packing, vehicle weight and price, but it also has been found to meet the daily commuting requirements of 80% of European citizens.

The three models of the Prius family will significantly expand the standard Prius customer base and subsequent sales, their respective combined CO2 emissions of 89 g/km, 96 g/km and just 49 g/km representing unprecedented environmental credentials from an entire model range.

Plug-in Technology Proven through Extensive Trials
The start of Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid global sales follows an extensive PHEV leasing project which has taken place throughout the world, in two phases, over the last five years.

Initiated in July 2007, 10 years after the launch of the first generation Prius, the first phase involved about 20 vehicles, of which four were tested in Europe. This first phase was dedicated to intensive research and development through real life road trials in countries including France and the UK, with a specific focus on the relationship between the new technology involved and its users.

Simultaneous research into the development of a public, private and company recharging infrastructure is fundamental to the viability of a PHEV project. To that end, the first phase also marked the start of Toyota's ongoing partnership with French energy company, EDF, who is present in many European markets.

In December 2009, the second development phase began. It was centred on a worldwide limited lease project involving some 600 prototype vehicles, of which 200 were leased to selected partners and customers in 18 European countries.

Toyota's European Prius Plug-in Hybrid limited lease project started in Strasbourg, France, at the end of April 2010, with the three year leasing of 100 Prius Plug-in Hybrid prototype vehicles by private companies and other organisations, including government bodies, local authorities, energy providers and a car sharing company.

Widely recognised as 'the other European Union capital', Strasbourg has had a notably advanced mobility strategy in place for some time, making it the ideal location for a large-scale demonstration of the urban-friendly practicalities of the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid.

Simultaneously, Toyota's partner EDF began creating a complimentary recharging infrastructure, installing charging points at the facilities of project partners, in public parking lots, on public roads and reinforced plugs at users' homes.

Some 20 vehicles were introduced in the UK, and another 15-20 in Germany. Toyota also introduced the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid on a global scale, with participants including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United States of America.

Real World PHEV Driver Behaviour Analysis
Both in Europe and around the world, the road trials allowed Toyota to fine tune its ongoing PHEV research and development. The gathering of real world vehicle-use feedback has enabled the company to better understand customer expectations of plug-in technology, while spurring the development of a public access charging station infrastructure.

All leased Prius Plug-in Hybrid prototype vehicles were equipped with data retrieval devices which monitored everyday user activities such as when, and how often, the vehicle was charged, the extent of battery depletion at the time of charging, trip duration, percentage of EV use and EV range achieved, and fuel efficiency.

The PHEVs involved in the leasing project were intensively driven both in the urban environment and on longer journeys out of the city. With an average yearly mileage of 13,180 km, project participants acquired nearly 800,000 km of PHEV driving experience.

With over 70% of journeys covering less than 25 km, the zero emission, fully electric range of the PHEV satisfied a significant share of the users' daily requirements. 42% of users also completed long distance trips of more than 100 km at least once a week, thanks to the PHEV's ability to operate as a full hybrid eliminating the range anxiety associated with journeys of this length in a fully electric vehicle.

Fuel efficiency figures obtained under real-world conditions show that the PHEV consumes 36% less fuel than the comparable, best-in-class diesel vehicle and almost 50% less than the best-in-class petrol vehicle. Users that maximised the potential of the PHEV and made optimal use of the existing recharging infrastructure were able to return average fuel consumption figures of less than 2.0 l/100 km.

Plug-in Hybrid Technology - Extended EV Range With No Constraints
Electricity has high potential as an alternative to oil, may be produced from renewable sources such as solar, wind, tidal and hydro-electric power, can be readily supplied, and is carbon neutral at the point of consumption.

However, although the environmental merits of EVs as urban commuters are well proven, the further development of such vehicles is currently handicapped by the weight, size and cost of the large capacity batteries required to offer satisfactory range, and the lack of an adequate recharging infrastructure.

In focusing on PHEV technology, Toyota has addressed the issues of driving range, cost and infrastructure. The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is a full hybrid vehicle in which both the electric motor and petrol engine can drive the wheels. An extended fully electric, EV mode is employed for city driving, while the hybrid powertrain's petrol engine awards the car true long range capability.

A further benefit of its extended EV driving range and ultra-low CO2 emissions, Toyota's new PHEV qualifies for various customer rebates and taxation benefits in over 10 European countries, with a significant impact on both purchase and running costs.

Rather than the former replacing the latter, both standard and Plug-in versions of the Prius full hybrid will co-exist on the market for the foreseeable future.

Inspired by the Prius, with Exclusive Design Cues
Sharing the third generation Prius' characteristic, sweeping triangular silhouette, and 20 mm longer to accommodate a new frontal design, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid is instantly recognisable as the flagship model in Toyota's remarkable full hybrid family.

The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid weighs just 1,425 kg, only 55 kg more than a standard Prius. The weight of the new Lithium-ion battery has been limited to just 80 kg, 50% less than that of the 2010 prototype vehicle's battery pack and only 38 kg more than that of regular Prius' nickel metal-hydride battery, despite an extension of the car's EV driving mode range.

As with every member of the Prius family, in order to fully benefit from its light-weight, high tensile steel and aluminium construction and Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid's distinctive exterior design focuses on maximising aerodynamic efficiency to improve fuel economy, handling stability and quietness. The result is an aerodynamic vehicle with an excellent coefficient of drag of only Cd 0.25, which it shares with the standard Prius.

The front of the new Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid features the latest representation of Toyota's trapezoidal, Under Priority design. Beneath an upper grille opening kept as small as possible to maintain a smooth airflow over the upper body, the lower grille has been enlarged, and incorporates a chrome-plated moulding and a silver accent colour to the upper trim panel.

The upper headlamp extension area features a blue smoke paint finish to further differentiate the new Toyota PHV from the rest of the Prius family.

In profile, the new Prius Plug-in Hybrid may be identified by a battery charger lid located on the opposite rear wing to the fuel filler cap, which features a silver plug logo to readily differentiate it from the fuel cap. Additional PHEV-specific details include a silver accent finish to the door handles, an exclusive new 15", 5 spoke alloy wheel design which contributes to aerodynamic performance, and a front fender-mounted Plug-in Hybrid logo.

To the rear, the large, energy efficient LED lamp clusters are finished with a unique, clear lens, the license garnish features an exclusive silver accent colour, and the Hybrid Synergy Drive® badging has been adapted to incorporate a plug-in symbol.

The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is available in a six colour range; Silver, Abyss Grey, Pearl White, Super White, Frosty Green and, exclusive to the new Toyota PHEV, True Blue.

Innovative and Spacious Interior Design
Despite a significant increase in EV mode driving range, the highly compact packaging of the new Lithium-ion battery pack means that neither rear passenger accommodation nor loadspace have been compromised.

The new Toyota PHEV accommodates 5 people and has a luggage capacity of 443 litres with the rear seats in position, only 2 litres smaller than that of the standard Prius, with the added benefit of a 22 litre storage box beneath the loadspace deck. With the 60:40 split rear seats folded down to give a flat loadspace floor, luggage capacity increases to a total of 1,120 litres.

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid shares the third generation Prius' dual-zone dashboard, designed to both minimise the need for driver eye movement while viewing vehicle information and to provide ergonomic functionality of all controls and switchgear. The new PHEV's dashboard is hallmarked by high brightness silver paint trim and a Plug-in Hybrid-exclusive logo.

The upper, 'display zone' focuses on the combination of a head-up display and a rebated centre meter cluster positioned at an ideal distance for at-a-glance reading of vehicle status information. As well as vehicle speed and other conventional instrumentation, the LED meter also incorporates a Touch Tracer display, and an ECO Drive Support Monitor with expanded content and functionality.

The lower 'command zone' is characterised by a distinctive, asymmetric 'bridge' construction which not only places the fly-by-wire transmission lever within the closest possible reach of the driver's hand but also creates a generous additional storage compartment below. This lower zone focuses on the full-colour Toyota Touch display screen, placing the control of audio and satellite navigation systems within easy reach of the driver.

The front seats now benefit from a new, two-step heater system with improved control to suppress temperature fluctuations and enhance comfort. In Eco mode, the seat heaters are now automatically coordinated with the air conditioning system. They activate to warm occupants more quickly, reducing the load on the air conditioning system to further increase the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid's fuel efficiency.

Plug-in Hybrid Powertrain based on HSD Technology
Setting a new benchmark in environmentally-friendly mobility, the new Prius Plug-in Hybrid represents a new implementation of the Hybrid Synergy Drive® system's capabilities.

Building on the core technology of Toyota's renowned full hybrid powertrain, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid addresses the specific needs of urban-based customers with a significantly extended, fully-electric EV driving range of 25 km for shorter, cross-city journeys, while the hybrid powertrain's petrol engine awards the new Toyota PHEV true long range capability of over 1,200 km.

A full hybrid capable of operating in petrol and electric modes alone, as well as a combination of both, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid delivers impressive, seamless acceleration and remarkably quiet operation, while returning unparalleled fuel efficiency and the lowest possible emissions.

The new Toyota PHEV automatically operates in full hybrid mode once the extended EV range has been expended. This removes the range anxiety which has come to typify the driving of fully electric vehicles. Moreover, the unique characteristics of Toyota's full hybrid powertrain require no change in driving style or behaviour.

Performance - unparalleled fuel efficiency and emissions
The Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain generates a total system power output of 136 DIN hp and allows the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid to accelerate seamlessly from 0-100 km/h in 11.4 seconds, and on to a top speed of 180 km/h.

Conversely, with the new Toyota PHEV's overall fuel efficiency significantly enhanced by its extended EV range, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid returns a remarkably low fuel consumption figure of only 2.1 l/100 km in the European homologation combined cycle - an increase in fuel efficiency of over 45% compared to the regular Prius.

Commensurately, CO2 emissions have also fallen to just 49 g/km. In addition, the new PHEV generates significantly lower NOX and particulate emissions than diesel engined cars of comparable performance.

Moreover, when operating in its extended EV mode, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid generates zero CO2, NOX and particulate emissions, driving with city-crossing capability for up to 25 kilometres at speeds of up to 85 km/h, dependant on battery charge and driving conditions.

Though its extended EV range plays a significant part in lowering the new Toyota PHEV's combined cycle fuel economy and emissions, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid remains remarkably efficient when operating purely in full hybrid drive mode.

After the EV range has been expended, the HSD system still returns fuel consumption of only 3.7 l/100 km, and generates class-leading CO2 emissions of just 85 g/km. These figures are even lower than that of regular Prius, mainly due to the vehicle's new Lithium-ion battery, which can more efficiently recover energy under braking, recharging the battery more quickly and allowing owners to drive more often in EV mode.

In addition, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid has been fitted with the latest generation of low rolling resistance tyres.

Thanks to its highly efficient HSD powertrain, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid's environmental performance in hybrid mode is superior to rival plug-ins in range-extender mode.

Hybrid Synergy Drive® - PHEV system architecture
The new Toyota PHEV's series/parallel full hybrid system features a 1.8 litre VVT-i petrol engine, a powerful electric motor, a generator, a high performance Lithium-ion battery and a power control unit. A power split device employs a planetary gear set to combine and re-allocate power from the engine, electric motor and generator according to operational requirements.

Key to the successful installation of Hybrid Synergy Drive within the Prius Plug-in Hybrid's front-engined platform, the electric motor, generator and power split device are all housed in one transmission casing the size of a conventional gearbox.

Unlike a conventional, belt-driven CVT transmission, HSD delivers driving torque through a power split device in the form of planetary gear set. The generator is connected to the sun gear. The engine is connected to the planetary pinion gear carrier. And the electric motor is connected to the outer, ring gear, itself directly connected to the differential, which drives the wheels. Hence, with power transmitted to it either from the engine, the electric motor, or a combination of the two, the rotational speed of the ring gear determines the speed of the vehicle.

System power is provided by a lightweight, highly compact, 4-cylinder, 1,798 cc, Atkinson cycle VVT-i petrol engine developing 99 DIN hp/73 kW at 5,200 rpm and 142 Nm of torque at 4,000 rpm, and a high performance, permanent magnet, synchronous 60 kW electric motor generating instant power from 0 rpm and a maximum 207 Nm of torque. The petrol engine and electric motor combine to give a total system power output of 136 DIN hp/100 kW.

Powered by the hybrid Lithium-ion battery, the electric motor works in tandem with the petrol engine to boost acceleration during normal driving. Power allocation is constantly adjusted between engine and electric motor to combine optimum performance with maximum fuel efficiency.

The electric motor alone powers the driven wheels when the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is operating in expanded EV mode. An EV range of up to 25 km is dictated by battery charge and driving conditions. However, once the EV battery charge has been exhausted, the Toyota PHEV automatically operates as a full hybrid until recharged from an external power supply, thus eradicating the limited range constraints of a conventional electric vehicle.

Maximising the Hybrid Synergy Drive® system's efficiency, and regardless of the driving mode selected, the electric motor also acts as a high-output generator during deceleration and under braking, to effect regenerative braking. Normally wasted as heat, kinetic energy is recovered as electrical energy for storage in the high performance Lithium-ion battery.

New Compact, Lightweight and High-capacity Lithium-ion battery
Fundamental to the successful commercial application of PHEV technology, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid features a newly developed Lithium-ion battery pack.

Lithium-ion batteries have been selected because they have ideal characteristics for use in a PHEV. They have a superior volume energy density and are very compact, offering a larger EV driving range with little adverse weight or packaging issues. They can be recharged quickly and can effectively recover energy under braking, improving HSD system efficiency.

As a result of Toyota's and its partners' continuous effort for improvement, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid's Lithium-ion battery pack has a 4.4 kWh capacity -almost four times that of the latest generation Prius- and its SOC (State of Charge) for use has been enhanced to approximately 60%.To manage the increase in voltage output of the new battery, the Hybrid Synergy Drive® system's revised Power Control Unit (PCU) features a new voltage boost converter with even greater durability.

Despite this increase in power output, significant changes to the 288 cell battery pack used in prototype versions of the Prius Plug-in Hybrid have allowed for the new Lithium-ion pack's installation with no impact on rear passenger seat accommodation or luggage space, which are now almost identical to that of the standard Prius.

The capacity of each battery cell has been enlarged four-fold over those of the prototype vehicles, and the new battery is now a 56 cell, one pack structure comprising a stack of four, 14 cell, series-connected batteries.

In conjunction with the adoption of a new aluminium frame structure, these revisions have reduced the volume of the battery pack from 201.7 to just 87.2 litres and halved its weight from 160 to only 80 kg. As a result, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid weighs only 55 kg more than a standard Prius.

Rapid, Convenient Battery Recharging System
Via a battery charger inlet conveniently located beneath a discreet, flush-mounted panel in the opposite rear wing to the Toyota PHEV's fuel filler cap, the battery pack can be fully recharged in 1.5 hours from a standard, 230V household outlet.

Operating with a charging efficiency of some 84% when allied to a 230V power source, the battery charger itself is positioned under the hybrid battery, converting AC electricity to DC current to charge the Lithium-ion battery pack.

Several improvements have been made to the robust, highly efficient charging system fitted to the prototype versions of the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid. And a battery charger timer function has been added, allowing users to set both the start and end time of battery charging.

A CCID (Charging Circuit Interrupter Device) is installed inside the battery charger cable to automatically block the supply of AC current in the case of electrical leakage during charging. The CCID main body size has been reduced compared to that of the prototype vehicle, and the power plug can now be removed and replaced to enhance usability.

Battery charger cable flexibility has been improved for easier handling during cold weather, and users can choose between a cable length of 5 or 10 meters. A range of replaceable power plugs is available for compatibility with the diverse outlet shapes of various countries and regions. And a new cable has been developed for compatibility with the Mennekes-type charging station expected to represent the mainstream charging infrastructure in Europe. The cable is stored in a dedicated compartment under the loadspace floor.

The battery charger connector has also been modified from the prototype model to improve ease of use. Finished in blue, the main body of the connector now has a scratch resistant surface finish. A freeze-proof lock release button shape has been adopted, and the button has been chrome-plated to suppress corrosion. A padlock-type cable lock may now also be fitted to the lock release button for improved security.

The battery charger inlet itself has also been revised to improve operability. The inner and outer lids of the inlet have been integrated to simplify the opening and connection process. An LED lamp fitted inside the lid illuminates the charger inlet connector, and a battery charger lamp beside the connector indicates battery charging status.

A Unique Driving Experience
The new Prius Plug-in Hybrid offers drivers a unique, truly 21st century driving experience. It combines seamless acceleration and remarkably quiet operation over an extended EV range with unparalleled fuel efficiency and the lowest possible emissions.

The unique characteristics of Toyota's full hybrid powertrain require no change in driving style or behaviour, yet can help users maximise the benefits of Hybrid Synergy Drive through numerous, PHEV-specific, driving support monitors.

Moreover, the new Toyota PHEV's capacity for long range driving in full hybrid mode once the extended EV range has been expended totally removes the range anxiety which has come to typify the driving of fully electric vehicles to date.

Enhanced Eco Driving Experience
The Prius Plug-in Hybrid offers the driver three switchable, 'on-demand' drive modes - the default setting EV, HV and EV-City.

With EV mode selected, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is able to draw upon the full capacity of the battery and will remain in electric drive mode, allowing for urban driving with minimal noise and zero CO2 and NOX emissions, for up to approximately 25 kilometres at speeds of up to 85 km/h.

The petrol engine will still start if the system judges that additional power is necessary, however the use of light to medium throttle inputs keeps it switched off throughout EV mode operation.

With HV mode selected, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid functions similarly to the standard Prius. It delivers the classic, highly efficient Toyota HSD driving experience, seamlessly engaging the petrol engine as appropriate. The vehicle's switchable EV mode range is preserved for later use in urban environments.

With EV-City mode selected, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid matches the EV mode's characteristics. Increased electric operation is ensured by allowing more forceful use of the throttle before the petrol engine kicks in, allowing users to enter Zero Emission inner city zones.

Switched separately, ECO mode may be independently activated when the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is operating in HV, EV or EV-City modes. In any drive mode, throttle response to accelerator pedal inputs is reduced and air-conditioning control optimized for improved fuel economy. Depending on driving conditions, the ECO mode can help drivers achieve a perceptible reduction in fuel consumption.

PHEV-specific Driving Support Monitors
Complimenting these three drive modes, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid features comprehensive Eco driving support for those who wish to adopt more environmentally-friendly driving techniques.

As in the Prius, the new Toyota PHEV is equipped with an Eco Drive Support Monitor. Various PHEV-specific functions allow customers to maximise the benefits of the Prius Plug-in Hybrid's extended EV driving range.

The Hybrid System Indicator bar graphic now shows the point at which the engine will start under acceleration, allowing the driver to moderate throttle inputs and maximise the use of the EV and EV-City modes.

The Energy Monitor, displaying the engine operating conditions and the flow of electric power, incorporates plug-in connection status and remaining charge time displays. If the ignition is turned on whilst the vehicle is being charged externally, the connection status will appear, along with the approximate charging time required to fully recharge the battery, round up to the nearest 0.1 hour unit.

A Toyota first, users may also set start and finish battery charging times, with both displayed on the Eco Drive Support Monitor.

Both the Hybrid System Indicator and the Energy Monitor feature an EV driving range display adjacent to the battery SOC (State of Charge) level indicator, showing how far the PHEV can travel under electric motor power alone with the remaining battery charge, rounded up to the nearest 0.1 km.

The battery SOC display itself adopts two different display methods to differentiate between HV and EV modes using charged electricity only. When the EV mode battery charge falls below a certain level, the SOC display will automatically change, with the HSD system, to HV mode. Conversely, when battery power is increased through regenerative braking, the display will revert to the former as the EV driving mode is automatically restored.

In addition, an EV Driving Ratio indicator shows how much of the total distance driven so far has been under electric motor power alone. This function also includes consumed power and fuel displays, and a display indicating how much fuel consumption is reduced by driving using externally charged electricity only.

The trip fuel consumption record display has been changed to a bar graph, monthly average fuel consumption display, and a calendar function has been added to the system.

Finally, a Plug-in Effect forest display has been added to visualise the benefits of external charging. The system converts the amount of externally charged electricity into that of reduced CO2 and, for every 10 kg reduction, one tree is planted in the forest to show the driver's contribution to environmental preservation. As the number of trees increases, flowers and animals are also added to the display.

In combination, this expanded range of Eco Drive Support Monitor functions helps drivers to develop relaxed, fuel efficient driving techniques and maximise both EV driving and overall hybrid system efficiency.

Suspension and Steering Revisions
The Prius Plug-in Hybrid shares the proven MacPherson front and torsion beam rear suspension of the standard Prius. However, both systems have been optimised for the specific weight distribution of the new Toyota PHEV, maximising both ride comfort and handling stability.

Both front and rear shock absorber damping force has been changed from that of the standard Prius, and the front suspension upper support rubber characteristics have also been changed to further improve the vehicle's excellent Noise and Vibration performance.

The control map of the Electric Power Steering (EPS) has also been revised in recognition of the nominal effect the Plug-in Hybrid's specific weight distribution has on the vehicles driving dynamics.

High Technology Equipment
As with every vehicle in the new Prius family, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is a front-runner in the field of cutting-edge technological innovation.

Its comprehensive standard equipment specification includes a highly fuel-efficient Remote Climate Control System, steering-wheel mounted Touch Tracer control switches, a smart entry system and Toyota Touch - the world's most affordable touch screen multimedia interface.

Just as in the Prius, customers are offered a range of advanced convenience and safety features to choose from. Options include a Pre-Crash Safety system incorporating Adaptive Cruise Control, Intelligent Parking Assist, Toyota Touch & Go Plus and Toyota Touch Pro navigation systems, and a JBL Matrix Premium Sound System featuring GreenEdge technology.

Remote Climate Control System
Making full use of a PHEV design that accesses electricity from an external power source, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid features a unique, Remote Climate Control System.

The air conditioning system uses an electric inverter compressor, allowing the air conditioning to be activated without depending on the engine.

This is a pre-air conditioning system, capable of cooling the vehicle interior both when the PHEV is plugged in and using the HV battery alone as a power source. Operated by a Remote A/C switch on the vehicle key fob, the system will run for a maximum of 10 minutes, offering occupants a comfortable cabin temperature from the moment they get into the vehicle.

By pre-cooling the cabin, the system also improves the efficiency of Hybrid Synergy Drive® by minimising air conditioner energy consumption during vehicle start up, further lowering fuel consumption.

In the absence of a heat pump, the system uses exhaust heat as a cabin heating source. In ECO mode, the system suppresses heater performance to minimise engine running time and, hence, fuel consumption. However, it compensates for this by automatically activating the front seat heaters to warm cabin occupants as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Head-up Display and Touch Tracer
A Head-up Display projects useful information onto the base of the windscreen, including vehicle speed, the Eco Drive Monitor and the status of the optional Pre-Crash Safety and Active Cruise Control systems.

A steering-wheel mounted Touch Tracer display switch allows the driver to control the audio system, the air-conditioning and the ECO Drive Monitor without the need to look down, or remove his or her hands from the wheel.

New Driving Support Features
Driving support functions now include an EV indicator lamp and two new functions: A Monthly Fuel Consumption Record shows the average fuel consumption of both the current and 5 previous months.

Advanced Pre-Crash Safety System with Adaptive Cruise Control

An Advanced Pre-Crash Safety (PCS) system employs a millimetre wave radar sensor to scan the road ahead, recognising potentially dangerous objects and assisting the driver in reducing the chances of a collision.

If there is a high possibility of a collision, PCS will alert the driver and, when he begins to brake, provide braking assistance to supplement his own braking effort, simultaneously activating the seatbelt pre-tensioners. If the driver does not brake and a collision is inevitable, the system will automatically apply the brakes to reduce impact speed.

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) works in tandem with the PCS system. ACC will automatically maintain a selected distance from the vehicle in front. Once the road ahead is clear, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid automatically returns to its original cruising speed.

Intelligent Parking Assist
The new Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid's Intelligent Parking Assist system has been improved to allow even more efficient and faster parking manoeuvres. It is now able to recognize parking spaces even when there are no parking bay lines. In addition, monitor displays will guide the driver to the necessary starting point for the system to be activated when space sufficient for parking is detected.

Toyota Touch
Fitted as standard in the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Toyota Touch is a 6.1 inch, full colour, touch-screen interface which represents a new approach to affordable, on-board multimedia systems.

It incorporates AM/FM radio with enhanced FM reception through the use of two tuners, a CD/MP3 player, Bluetooth mobile phone connectivity with a music streaming facility, and a USB port for the connection of portable music players, with the facility to display iPod album cover art. Both the hybrid drive system Energy Monitor and fuel consumption information can be displayed, and in addition, a rear view camera is fitted as standard.

Toyota Touch & Go Plus
Building on the Toyota Touch multimedia base unit, Toyota Touch & Go Plus equips the new Prius Plug-in Hybrid with an optional navigation system which includes all the most popular navigation functions, such as advanced traffic coverage, customisable speed limits, speed camera warnings, 3D city models and landmarks.

Using a compatible mobile phone, via Bluetooth, the system offers on-board connectivity to Google Local Search - the largest and most up-to-date search database in the world. Via Google Maps, destinations may be input remotely from home or office, and Points of Interest may be downloaded for entry as destinations.

Equipped with voice recognition, which includes a 'text-to-speech' message readout facility, Toyota Touch & Go Plus expands the functionality of the navigation and audio systems. It allows the driver to input a full destination, make a phone call, or to pick a specific song from a connected iPod with a single voice command.

The system will also display SMS text messages, emails and calendars depending on Bluetooth mobile phone compatibility.

Toyota Touch & Go Plus has been designed specifically to be both flexible and affordable. The system can be up-dated with the newest functions, as they become available. Available from launch, a Touch & Go Plus Apps function will provide fuel price, weather and parking space information. Thereafter, new App options will be rolled out, accessible via a web portal.

Toyota Touch Pro
The premium quality Toyota Touch Pro features a high-resolution 7.0 inch touch-screen interface with a 'home' screen, at-a-glance function displaying the most relevant air-conditioning, audio and navigation information.

It offers a comprehensive range of advanced features including voice recognition, automatic map zoom at intersections, 3D city model and landmark graphics, an on-line Points Of Interest search facility and supplementary driver's navigational guidance in the Head-up Display.

The system also provides access to SMS messages and emails, and includes a 'text-to-speech' message readout facility. An HSD system Energy Monitor, fuel consumption information and a rear camera with dynamic guidance lines to help manoeuvring in confined spaces are fitted as standard.

Toyota Touch Pro also incorporates DAB/DAB+/DMB digital radio as standard, making it compatible with a new advanced Transport Protocol Export Group (TPEG) traffic information service. Based on a digital communication channel, TPEG represents a significant improvement over existing, RDS-TMC analogue systems because it can carry far more information.

Not only will its pin-point accuracy enable better navigation routing, but it will also supplement a basic traffic event and flow service with information on parking availability and fuel prices, adding additional information including speed limits and weather thereafter.

JBL GreenEdge Premium Sound System
Both Toyota Touch & Go Plus and Toyota Touch Pro may be equipped with an 8-speaker JBL Premium Sound System which features GreenEdge technology. GreenEdge technologies are engineered holistically to ensure that the speakers, amplifier, equalization and even component placement work together as a cohesive and efficient system, combining low electricity consumption with high sound quality.

At the heart of the system is a JBL GreenEdge amplifier, which is 66% smaller and lighter than comparable units. Because the amplifier's Tracking Power Technology measures audio input in real time, only the necessary electricity is provided to the amplification circuit. This greatly reduces heat loss, and effects a 50% reduction in current drawn from the vehicle's alternator.

High-efficiency JBL GreenEdge speakers generate twice the sound output levels of conventional speakers for the same power consumption. They feature custom designed acoustic lenses to spread a more powerful sound across an even wider frequency range.

Read More

Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake, 2013

The new Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake once again sets an example when it comes to creativity of design, and as such highlighting its leading role in this area: in terms of its proportions, the new CLS is quite clearly a coupé, but with five doors and a roof which continues through to the rear, it promises some remarkable new possibilities. The idea of the four-door coupé - successfully introduced in 2004 with the first CLS and long imitated in the meantime - has now been taken to new heights and to innovative effect. The result is automotive independence at its most beautiful.

The proportions of the Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake are surprising but clearly those of a coupé, and create a basic stance which makes it look ready for the off: the long bonnet, narrow-look windows with frameless side windows, and dynamic roof sloping back towards the rear. It is only when taking a second look that it becomes clear that the Shooting Break actually has five doors and offers "more" in terms of function.

In essence it represents an unprecedented version of a sports car with five seats and a large tailgate. It is a special proposition for people looking to differentiate themselves from the mainstream, and who do not wish to compromise on either sportiness or stowage space when it comes to travelling in style. The Shooting Brake is a further highlight in the innovative luxury vehicle series from Mercedes-Benz and, like the CLS Coupé, has the potential to become the role model for a new market segment.

Exclusive innovation in the interior: wooden luggage compartment floor
The second generation of the CLS set high standards in terms of the design and quality of the interior: straightforward elegance combined with innovative details and handcrafted perfection. The Shooting Brake also applies this same aspiration in the luggage compartment. It is lined with high-quality carpet, and the hand-stitched material is also incorporated into the sideliners in conjunction with leather appointments. Optional designer loading rails made of aluminium give an even more exclusive look.

An extravagant and unique feature for the automotive industry is the designo wooden luggage compartment floor, which serves to underscore the hand-finished nature of the interior. Cherry tree wood is a classic among fine wood species and contrasts perfectly with the inlaid smoked oak and aluminium rails. This affords the luggage compartment a touch of elegance normally found on yachts, combined with the exciting worlds of technology and precision craftsmanship. The wood is characterised by its flexibility and elasticity, as well as its density and fine texture. 

For the luggage compartment floor made of American cherry tree wood, selected veneer sheets are glued and pressed together by hand in five cross-bonded layers to achieve high dimensional stability. The blanks are milled into their precise shape using a CNC machine, and the surfaces sanded to a smooth finish and waterproofed to maintain the natural beauty of the wood. Inlaid work using darker smoked oak, precisely cut into three millimetre strips using laser technology, helps to enhance the design of the wooden floor. The lavishly produced aluminium rails have a brushed finish and rubber inserts, and not only help to protect the wooden floor but also feature anti-slip properties.

The CLS coupé already set new standards in interiors with its wide variety of individualisation options. The Shooting Brake also offers five interior colours, five trim designs and also three qualities of leather to choose from. Customers have a choice of three exclusive wood types: high-gloss brown burr walnut, high-gloss black ash and satin-finish light-brown poplar. The interior is given an even more progressive look with the addition of piano lacquer or AMG carbon fibre/black piano lacquer trim elements. A completely new addition comes in the form of porcelain interior appointments which afford both CLS models a sense of luxury normally found in the S-Class. The Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake also lives up to its role as a design icon thanks to the innovative nature of the materials used. These comprise a mixture of satin and high-gloss finishes used on the metal surfaces.

A new dimension in vehicle concepts: the four-door Shooting Brake
No-one likes to have to compromise: even when the focus is not on the practical elements of the design of the Shooting Brake (length x width x height: 4956 x 1881 x 1413 mm), the new CLS model still has some trump cards up its sleeve. With a load volume of between 590 and 1550 litres, the luggage compartment offers a lot of room despite the flat, sporty lines of the roof, and is easy to use thanks to the automatically opening tailgate fitted as standard. A load compartment cover also protects luggage from prying eyes.

The standard air suspension at the rear helps to ensure optimum road holding at all times. For additional flexibility, the rear seat backrests can be folded down from the luggage compartment as standard. The rear seats themselves provide room for three people, with individual seats on the outsides and a third seat in the middle. The three saddle-type head restraints on the rear seats barely affect the view towards the rear, and can be lowered at the touch of a button by the driver. An optional trailer coupling is also available.

Lightweight construction and aerodynamics: important contributions to efficiency
Intelligent lightweight construction plays a decisive role in bridging the classic conflict between the objectives of low weight and high strength in the Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake. The model features frameless, all-aluminium doors made from deep-drawn aluminium panels with extruded sections, and in comparison with conventional steel doors, are some 24 kilograms lighter. The tailgate, bonnet, front wings, various support profiles and substantial parts of the suspension and engines are all made of aluminium too.

The aerodynamics also make a significant contribution to the efficiency of the Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake. With a frontal area of 2.30 m² and a Cd value of 0.29, the drag area is 0.67 m².

Drive system: powerful and efficient
The Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake is available with four different engine variants - two diesel engines and two petrol engines. Features common to all engines include the 7G-TRONIC PLUS automatic transmission as well as the ECO start/stop function. In addition, two models are available with all-wheel drive: the CLS 350 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY and the CLS 500 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY.

The entry-level model is the CLS 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY producing 150 kW (204 hp). Combined fuel consumption is 5.3 litres of diesel per 100 kilometres, an excellent level for this performance class and equivalent to CO2 emissions of 139 grams per kilometre. Coming in above this are the two six-cylinder models: the CLS 350 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY producing 195 kW (265 hp) and the CLS 350 BlueEFFICIENCY producing 225 kW (306 hp). The top-of-the-range model is the CLS 500 BlueEFFICIENCY with a V8 biturbo engine producing 300 kW (408 hp).

Efficiency is also increased by the standard electro-mechanical power steering EPS (Electric Power Steering). EPS is a radical move in the relationship between the driver, car and road surface. This is because for the first time, it gives engineers the freedom to choose and programme many of the parameters that influence steering feedback. So they defined a Mercedes-Benz feeling behind the wheel. In addition to fuel economy, the result is a considerable improvement in handling and agility. The electromechanical power steering also enables another innovation to be implemented - Active Park Assist. The Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake is not only able to detect parking spaces, but can also park automatically.

Another world exclusive: dynamic full LED headlamps
The CLS was the first passenger car in the world to offer optional dynamic full LED High Performance headlamps, which combine the exciting colour elements of LED technology - similar to those of daytime driving lights - with the performance, functionality and energy efficiency of today's bi-xenon generation. Some 95 percent of all customers have opted for these lights in the CLS Coupé. Of course, as the world's second car to feature this optional extra, the Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake also offers the new light system. For the first time ever, it provides the Intelligent Light System already proven in Mercedes models fitted with bi-xenon headlamps in combination with LED technology. The headlamps, with their 71 LED lamps in total, look exciting; and they serve to underline the unmistakable appearance of the CLS. The light specialists from Mercedes-Benz have for the first time been able to use LED technology in the innovative Adaptive Highbeam Assist, resulting in an entirely new quality of illumination when driving at night.

In contrast to the first vehicles equipped with LED headlamps, no compromises are now necessary with respect to the functionality and performance of the lighting technology. There are further arguments for LED-based lighting technology: the average operating life of an LED is around 10,000 hours, around five times longer than that of a xenon light; moreover, LED headlamps most closely approximate to the colour of daylight. This means that LED light is in keeping with the normal human perception patterns and that the driver experiences significantly more brightness on the road at night. Studies have shown that the closer the colour of artificial light comes to daylight, the less the strain on the eyes. With a colour temperature of 5500 kelvin, LED light is closer to daylight (6500 K) than xenon light (4200 K).

More than a dozen driving assistance systems help to prevent traffic accidents and reduce the severity of an accident. Active Blind Spot Assist and Active Lane Keeping Assist are available as part of the Driving Assistance package Plus, in combination with DISTRONIC PLUS, BAS PLUS and the PRE-SAFE Brake. Both assistance systems are not only able to detect an unintentional lane change or vehicles in the blind spot, but can also correct the direction of travel by gentle brake intervention if the driver ignores the visual or audible danger warnings.

It's all in a name: the origins of the name "Shooting Break"
Break, or the homonym Brake, was the name once given to carriages used to "break" in wild horses and also to restrict (or "brake") their urge to move, so that they could be put to use as work horses. Since the carts could easily be broken as part of this process, people tended not to use ones which they may have urgently needed for other purposes. Where necessary, "Brakes" were often fitted out with variable bodies, which were only really used to carry along anything that may have been necessary for the hunt, for example. Any such vehicle which was used when going out shooting was called a Shooting Brake or Shooting Break. Motorised Shooting Brakes were popular in England in the 60s and 70s - exclusive two-door sports cars, which combined the luxury and style of a coupé with a larger load compartment and large tailgate.

Read More

Lexus GS 450h F Sport, 2013

 

 

 

 

•  Lexus GS 450h F Sport, 2013

The fourth generation Lexus GS features an all-new exterior reflecting a further development of Lexus' unique, L-finesse design philosophy, making the car look bolder and more dynamic.

Though remaining the same length, the new GS has a 10mm shorter front overhang, a 10mm longer rear overhang and is 30mm higher than its predecessor. Improving high speed stability, the front track has been increased by 40mm and the rear track by 50mm. Overall vehicle width has increased by 20mm.

Key to the new design is a more aggressive frontal treatment which gives the new GS the powerful, commanding road presence appropriate to a Lexus sports sedan.

In a further evolution of a styling cue first developed on the CT 200h, the inverted trapezoid upper grille and slanted lower grille have been combined and integrated into a single element, bridging the bumper mid-section to create a prominent 'spindle' shape. The brake cooling ducts at either side of the spindle grille combine a distinctive style with engineering functionality.

The bold, elegant and highly individual grille treatment makes the GS instantly recognisable as a Lexus at first glance, and will be adopted throughout the brand to strengthen the Lexus family identity between model ranges.

The grille is flanked by headlamp clusters clearly positioned on a higher plane than the grille itself. This is a unique characteristic of Lexus models, focusing the eye at the very apex of the vehicle to give the design a resolute look and strengthen the impression of speed and agility.

The headlamps themselves are underscored by newly developed, integral LED Daytime Running Lights (DRL) which form the L-finesse arrowhead motif, further reinforcing the unique visual signature of the new GS.

Exclusive to the hybrid GS 450h, a unique three-lamp design aligns the turn signal and Lexus-first high and low beam LED lamps in a single horizontal row. The improved illumination and beam range provided by LED lamps offers significantly superior visibility even under low beam driving conditions.

Integrating sharply sculpted front foglamp housings, the deep front bumper forms a wide, trapezoid shape which anchors muscular front wings and flared wheel arches, reinforcing the new GS's wider front track, broad stance and powerful road presence.

In profile, the new GS shares its predecessor's long, elegant cabin proportions and slingshot window design highlighted by a stainless steel door frame moulding. But a new, 15mm higher roofline reflects the increase in rear passenger accommodation and boot space whilst providing optimum aerodynamic performance for a drag coefficient of Cd 0.26.

The door handle design has been changed, making it easier to grip, and the smart entry lock mechanism has been changed from a push switch to a touch sensor, improving both appearance and operability. The door mirror now incorporates both an LED side turn signal lamp and a puddle lamp. Both the door panel gaps and the gap between wheel arches and tyres have been reduced, further enhancing the appearance of the new GS model range.

To the rear, the new design narrows behind the flared wheel arches, exposing the lower portion of the rear tyre to emphasise the vehicle's wide rear track. LED lamp clusters feature aero-stabilising fins to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and driving stability of the car. Uniquely, the rear bumper of the GS 450h covers the exhaust pipe apertures.

In addition to its new headlamp design, the new GS 450h may be further identified by hybrid-specific, front, rear and side blue badging.

F SPORT Exclusive Features
The F SPORT package is available across the entire GS model range. F SPORT exterior design features include exclusive front grille and bumper, rear bumper and lip spoiler treatment, 19" alloys and grade-specific badging.

The F SPORT front bumper design features a more three-dimensional form at the sides, incorporating enlarged side grilles. Combined with an exclusive, upper and lower grille mesh design, this reinforces the new GS's more aggressive appearance, wider track and sporting stance.

To the rear, F SPORT petrol engine models feature a grey metallic paint finish to the bumper diffuser. The Lexus GS 450h F SPORT diffuser combines grey metallic paint with a chrome plated moulding to the lower section of the bumper to further enhance the vehicle's road presence.

All F SPORT models further benefit from a grade-specific rear spoiler and exclusive, dark premium metallic 19" alloy wheels.

Exterior Colours
The new GS is available in a choice of 11 colours, including three that are new to the Lexus colour palette: Crimson Red, Meteor Blue and Sonic Silver. Vehicles in Crimson Red benefit from glass flakes incorporated into the coating, adding a high level of brilliance to the paint.

Lexus engineers developed a new advanced coating process for the Sonic Silver finish. The new GS is the first Lexus to adopt this new coating technology. Vehicles with the Sonic Silver exterior appear more radiant as an additional metallic texture gives both strong shading and defined, sharp highlights. This metallic effect makes subtle and defined bodylines more noticeable and the surface appear finely polished.

INTERIOR DESIGN
An ergonomically designed, driver-focused cockpit enabling customers to remain alert and comfortable over long periods of time is an essential requirement of a sports sedan.

The new GS interior represents a continuation of the next generation Lexus interior design theme first seen in the CT 200h. With all functional driving components consolidated in the driver's seat surroundings, it combines outstanding ergonomics with advanced Human Machine Interface technologies.

Driver Focused Cockpit
A clean, elegant dashboard design forms a wide horizontal plane, emphasising the overall roominess of the interior, whilst the door and centre console trim support the driver and front passenger in a secure, cocooned environment.

The dashboard is divided into two distinct zones: an upper Display Zone, with the largest, ultra-wide, 12.3 inch, LCD multi-display screen yet installed in a production car, located at an ideal distance for at-a-glance viewing, and a lower Operation Zone, which allows access to system controls such as the second generation of Lexus' award winning, computer mouse-style Remote Touch Interface (RTI).

Every aspect of the driving position has been carefully considered to create the ideal placement of controls, maximise comfort and minimise driver distraction and fatigue

A new front seat features a lower hip point, placing the driver closer to the GS's centre of gravity, and combines optimum holding ability with superlative comfort. An extended seat sliding range caters for the widest possible cross-section of occupants. As well as a new mid seat back folding adjustment, multiple adjustment mechanisms include a butterfly headrest, shoulder support, side support, 4-way lumbar support, and a cushion length adjustable by 76mm .

The airflow volume of the seat ventilation system has been increased to almost twice that of the current model. And soft padded, tactile finishes to the centre console arm rest, knee pads and door arm rests further enhance the long-distance comfort of the driving position.

The steering wheel features an enlarged, 50mm telescopic reach to bring it closer to the driver, and has been set at a low angle to facilitate large steering inputs without the need for the driver to move their body unnecessarily through over-reaching. Even the cross-section has been painstakingly analysed; no longer uniform throughout the entire circumference of the wheel, its varying profile allows for a relaxing grip and smooth steering inputs.

Brake pedal operability has been optimised with a new pedal shape and surface angle, and the footrest size increased to 300mm for a better fit and greater comfort.

The driver's instrument binnacle incorporates large diameter Optitron dials. Minimising the driver's eye movement from the road ahead, a new Head-Up Display (HUD) relays essential driving information. Its visibility has now been significantly improved. By implementing a wedge-shaped glass for the windshield and the PVC film for displaying information, the clarity of projection has been increased as well as double image projection avoided. The HUD now displays a wider range of information including SPORT mode (tachometer) display and ECO bar display in addition to the speed and audio displays already implemented.

The driver's forward visibility has also been maximised - slim A pillars and a taller windscreen creating a wider field of view. And even the bonnet visibility range has been tailored to allow the driver to readily establish the vehicle extremities, making it easier to place when manoeuvring in confined spaces.

Comfort, Convenience and Contemporary Craftsmanship
Despite having an identical wheelbase length to that of its predecessor, the new GS offers increased space and comfort to all vehicle occupants. Both front and rear door openings have been designed for maximum ease of ingress and egress, with a particular focus on head clearance.

Front cabin occupants benefit from a new seat back design which is more comfortable for taller passengers. A greater seat sliding range and seat height adjustment give an increase in legroom and up to 30mm of extra headroom.

Rear seat passengers benefit from new seats with a revised seat back angle and redesigned cushion shape for greater comfort. A thin front seat design improves knee room by 20mm, and headroom has been increased by 25mm.

Allied to a new, more compact rear suspension layout, a wider opening, increased deck length and reduced deck height combine to make the new GS's luggage space more practical, and significantly increase its volume to up to 566 litres (a 31% increase over the current GS 350). The smart-packaging of the hybrid battery into a stacked format also increased the GS 450h's luggage capacity to up to 482 litres2 (a 61% increase over the current GS 450h).

Throughout the interior, high-quality materials and finishes convey a contemporary, premium look and feel, with a level of craftsmanship and attention to detail for which Lexus is globally renowned.

A new interior colour scheme replaces the traditional two-tone design with a more versatile palette. The dashboard, floor and steering wheel are uniformly black to create a sporting, luxurious feel. And the leather instrument panel features coloured stitching - available in grey and ivory depending on the interior tone- to enhance the premium quality of the cabin environment.

Matching seat and door upholstery will be available in a choice of six colours - Black, Ivory, Grey, Saddle Tan, Topaz Brown and Garnet. In addition to Ebony, Walnut and Bamboo wood finishes, newly developed Black Gloss and Aluminium bring a contemporary, artistic look and feel to the interior ornamentation.

A world first, the steering wheel of the GS 450h will be available in a real bamboo finish, symbolising the innovative spirit and environmental credentials of the vehicle's Lexus Hybrid Drive system.

The GS interior's air of sophistication and luxury is reinforced through Lexus' painstaking attention to detail throughout. It incorporates exquisitely crafted details such as satin metal trim, high quality stitching and the brushed aluminium knobs of the audio system. A new analogue clock with LED indicators, carved from an ingot, adds a unique touch.

This beautifully crafted interior is complimented by an all-white LED interior lighting system which creates an atmosphere appropriate to a premium performance sedan. Reinforcing the GS's highly refined on-board ambience, elements of the LED lighting illuminate to greet the occupants as they approach the car, even before it is unlocked, activating and fading thereafter in sequence with the vehicle starting procedure.

F SPORT Exclusive Features
F SPORT model interior design features include matching door and seat upholstery also available in Garnet -a grade-exclusive colour, combined with newly developed Aluminium ornamentation, 16-way electrically adjustable F SPORT front seats, a black headliner and pillar finish, a dimple perforated leather steering wheel and gear knob, Aluminium pedals and dashboard trim, exclusive black logo scuff plates and F SPORT badging to the steering wheel.

INNOVATIVE ON-BOARD TECHNOLOGIES
Several highly innovative technologies make a first appearance in the new GS model range, including a new, energy saving air-conditioning system with S-Flow and 'nanoe' technologies, a second generation Remote Touch Interface (RTI) linked to the world's largest on-board multi-information display screen, and a choice of audio systems offering unparalleled power and clarity.

Second Generation RTI with 12.3" Multimedia Display
The second generation Lexus Remote Touch Interface (RTI) multi-function control device has been enhanced for increased user-friendliness and ease of operation.

It now features the world's first slide haptic joystick mechanism -a planar slide-type controller that is much like a computer mouse, and the ENTER command is now accomplished by simply pushing the controller. Usability has also been improved through the addition of ambient lighting, and by minimising the difference in height between the RTI controller and the armrest.

RTI allows users to manipulate the cursor quickly and easily across the world's largest on-board multimedia display; a 12.3 inch, full colour, LED screen with an ultra-wide, 24:9 format. The screen's size allows for the permanent display of two types of information simultaneously, such as map/audio, night view/map and navigation input/incoming call.

Improved Navigation System
The new GS' navigation system has been enhanced by using also TPEG (Transport Protocol Expert Group) data including TFP (Traffic Flow and Protection) information, parking lot availability and fees which additionally allows to set a certain parking slot as destination.

S-Flow Air Conditioning with Nanoe Technology
Considerably more powerful than the previous system, the new air-conditioning features S-Flow technology to maintain optimum occupant comfort whilst significantly reducing power consumption. Using sensors it determines if the front passenger seat is occupied. If not, the system automatically closes all vents serving this seat. The same happens to the rear seats when the S-Flow button is switched on. The maximises system efficiency.

In addition the system measures the ambient air temperature, interior air temperature and insolation to determine the optimal level of air conditioning. The target airflow volume is customised for each seat through Temperature Airflow Output (TAO) control. When the thermal load is large (cooldown in summertime, warm-up in winter) air conditioning is implemented in the entire car to quickly obtain a comfortable interior temperature. Once the overall interior temperature is stabilized, the system concentrates only on occupied seats.

During the development of the centralised occupant sensing control system, intensive vehicle tests in wind tunnel facilities were performed. The system was also repeatedly tested on both test courses and actual roads to ensure it maintains comfortable driving in a range of environments.

In addition to the TAO control, upper and lower independent, multilayer air mix technology has been adopted to achieve an environment tailored for both driver, front and rear passengers. This allows for example to set the upper air mix for coolness to deal with effects of solar insolation, and at the same time the lower air mix for warmth.

The new system also introduces a 2-tier Interior / Exterior Air Control which prevents window fogging by inducing low humidity exterior air to the upper half of the cabin while maintaining excellent heating performance in the foot area by circulating interior air. This avoids ventilation losses which are characteristic to conventional control system where cold exterior air is induced into heated interior air.

The new GS is also equipped with a new deodorizing filter, which, in addition to the removal of pollen and dust, etc., also removes exhaust gas from the ambient air.

In addition, the air conditioning system incorporates a new 'nanoe' technology system. This air cleaning technology operates automatically when the air conditioning is turned on. It releases 20 to 50Nm diameter nanoe particles -negatively charged ions wrapped in water molecules- into the cabin via the driver's side dashboard air vent.

By attaching themselves to airborne particles and molecules, the nanoe ions have been said to have both an air purifying and odour eliminating effect. They also deodorise vehicle seats and ceiling to create a cleaner cabin environment.

In addition, because nanoe moisture content is approximately 1,000 times that of conventional ions, the emission of ions bonded to water molecules is said to have a moisturising effect on skin and hair, acting to enhance occupant well-being.

Audio Systems
The new GS range may be equipped with a choice of two audio systems.
The standard system represents the next generation of realism and clarity in Lexus sound. It features a fully digital Class-D amplifier capable of creating virtually distortion-free sound with minimal voltage losses. The natural sound dynamics and rich harmonies generated by the high definition amplification are faithfully reproduced by an enhanced, 12-speaker layout which features a new, front three-way system.

The new top of the range 17-speaker Mark Levinson® Premium Audio system creates sound based on the concepts of Effortless Dynamics and Effortless Transient Response, which combine natural dynamics with high response and tracking performance to offer sound quality equivalent to that of a live, concert hall performance.

Using the same technologies as those found in top-end home audio systems, it features a newly developed, Generation III ML5 amplifier. Far outstripping the performance of the current GS sound system, the new amplifier generates 125 Watts per channel and a total of 835 Watts (75W and 505W more power respectively than the current system), whilst consuming just 6.5 Amps -less than a quarter of the power consumed by the current generation system.

Developing twice the volume for the same power consumption, GreenEdgeTM power-saving technology has been incorporated into each of the 17 speakers. GreenEdgeTM technology covers a wider frequency band than conventional systems, giving an enhanced dynamic range.

The new Mark Levinson® system features five, newly-developed, 90mm GreenEdgeTM Unity speakers with a coaxial structure which integrates mid- and high-range units within the same structure. The all-round cabin positioning of the five Unity speakers gives consistent timbre for both front and rear seat occupants, resulting in a whole new level of surround sound, definition, atmosphere and quality.

DRIVING DYNAMICS
The new GS has been designed to offer customers a much more engaging and pleasurable driving experience. It combines sharp, responsive steering and excellent body control with outstanding high speed stability and all the ride comfort expected from a Lexus performance sedan.

The significant improvements to the next generation GS's driving dynamics have been achieved on three levels:

• A re-engineered bodyshell with a 14% increase in rigidity, new suspension to promote optimum agility and stability whilst maintaining ride comfort, and more powerful brakes for enhanced stopping power and control.
• Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) to further enhance ride quality, stability, body control and steering response.
• The Lexus Dynamic Handling system; leading edge platform technology which offers the world's first integration of Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS), Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS), to coordinate every aspect of front and rear wheel control and provide agile, sharp and confident driving behaviour with a more direct response to the driver's actions.

Body Rigidity
Extensive computer aided design has been used to optimise body rigidity, ensuring precise vehicle movement in response to steering input.

The next generation GS features new underbody, rear suspension member and front end module components. Increased spot or laser welding has improved rigidity to the door openings, rear under body and rear partition. Additional reinforcement or thicker gauge sheet metal has been employed in the cowl panel, front and rear underbody and rear partition. And the design of the front suspension member, rocker inner and dash panel has been made stronger.

In combination, these enhancements have increased bodyshell torsional rigidity by 14%, allowing the new GS to respond with much greater accuracy to the driver's commands.

Aerodynamics
The new GS marks the introduction of a completely new approach to the management of airflow over the vehicle body - aerodynamic damping. The basic concept involves bringing the flow of air closer to the vehicle body, using it to help control the vehicle's movement to enhance handling stability.

Allied to smooth, flowing bodywork boasting exceptionally narrow panel gaps and minimal protrusions, the addition of numerous aerodynamic under-body elements and aero-stabilising fins further promotes vehicle stability and helps reduce wind noise to a minimum.

Particular attention has been paid to rectification of the airflow along the vehicle sides to provide body movement damping. The smoothing of airflow in and around the front and rear wheel arches, and the reduction of air pressure within the wheel arch itself contribute to improved steering response, a flat ride and enhanced road holding. In addition, the rear lamp clusters feature aero-stabilising fins which generate a vortex to the rear of the vehicle, helping to improve handling stability.

Acting in combination, these elements give the new GS optimum aerodynamic performance, and a drag coefficient of only Cd 0.26.

Suspension
The new GS features a double wishbone front and multilink rear suspension system which combines legendary Lexus ride comfort with excellent agility, optimum steering feel and a particular focus on rear stability.

The front, high-mount, double wishbone suspension set-up incorporates newly designed, unequal length upper and lower control arms in forged aluminium, to both reduce system weight and improve ride comfort. The rigidity of upper and lower arms, the hub bearing unit and the steering knuckle has been increased to enhance steering responsiveness. Caster trail has been increased to enhance straight line stability and steering feel.

Optimising roll attitude, the stabiliser arm ratio has been improved, the stabiliser system spring rate increased, and the shock absorber rebound spring rate substantially increased. In addition, lower bushing has been enlarged to minimise the transmission of vibrations.

To the rear, an advanced multilink set-up with toe control bars and an aluminium rear axle carrier has been completely redesigned. The spring and shock absorber have been separated to increase their efficiency and create a more compact design which improves the vehicle's luggage capacity.

Rear stability has been significantly improved through the addition of a rebound spring; increased stabiliser shock absorber arm ratios; the replacement of suspension ball joints with bush joints; the positioning of the toe control arm at the rear and the minimisation of toe change during the suspension stroke.

In addition to greatly increasing rear stability, these components also combine to improve the new GS's roll posture, ride comfort and straight line stability, whilst reducing harshness. Ride comfort has been further improved by the adoption of low-friction oil in both front and rear shock absorbers.

F SPORT Suspension
F SPORT models feature retuned front and rear suspension to further enhance the efficiency of the Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system, maximising body control and steering response for improved vehicle agility.

Both front and rear shock absorber characteristics have been modified to optimise AVS damping control, and the adoption of low-viscosity oil reduces friction for improved shock absorber efficiency. In addition, the rear suspension shock absorber has been inclined further to the rear, and the lower bushing enlarged and stiffened.

In combination, these modifications maximise the AVS system's control of body roll and, hence, improve the vehicle's response to steering inputs for increased agility and a more engaging driving experience.

Brakes
Featuring 334 x 30mm ventilated discs to the front and 310 x 18mm solid discs to the rear, the GS's braking system has been designed to offer drivers enhanced power and control, with improved pedal feel and a consistently fade-free performance. Simultaneously, tyre friction characteristics and ABS control have also been enhanced to minimise stopping distances.

Brake booster power has been increased, and the pedal shape, angle and ratio changed to provide instant response to changes in applied pedal force and greater controllability. Brake cooling performance has also been improved through an increase in ducted cooling airflow volume, minimising brake fade even under protracted use.

The GS 450h's Electronically Controlled Braking (ECB) system characteristics have also been modified to provide greater responsiveness from the first touch of the pedal.

All GS models fitted with the F SPORT package are equipped with larger, 356 x 30mm ventilated front discs. A world-first, the hat section of the two piece rotor has been fabricated in aluminium to both reduce weight and suppress heat deformation.

Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system
The Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system allows the driver to fine tune the GS's ride characteristics with a choice of two damper settings; 'Normal' mode, for everyday driving comfort, and 'Sport S+' mode, for improved body control and precise responses to steering input whilst cornering.

In response to driving operation, vehicle body motion and road surface conditions, AVS automatically adjusts the performance of the suspension at all four wheels independently activates the adjustable damping force shock absorbers to fulfil a wide range of specific control functions.

Selecting the AVS system's 'Sport S+' mode automatically increases the difference between inner and outer shock absorber damping through corners to further reduce vehicle roll. Simultaneously, VGRS automatically reduces the steering gear ratio by approximately 10% whilst the Electric Power Steering (EPS) increases steering assist torque by some 4%. These measures combine to minimise body roll, sharpen vehicle handling and optimise steering feel for the ultimate in sports sedan driving.

Drive Mode Select System
The next generation GS features a Drive Mode Select function that allows the driver to choose between ECO, NORMAL, SPORT S and SPORT S+ driving modes, maximising either the vehicle's environmental efficiency or its dynamic abilities.

In ECO Drive Mode, engine power output, throttle opening and air conditioning are controlled automatically to maximise fuel economy. In addition to moderate drive force changes, the air conditioning functions are also adjusted, limiting ventilation losses. At temperatures below 10°C (for GS 450h) and 3°C (for petrol version) the seat heater switches on automatically. The air-conditioning changes to recirculation as from 20°C and the airflow volume is lowered when in 'high'. Additionally, the air-conditioning stays switched off until engine cooler water reaches 30.5°C.

The ECO mode can be selected by turning the dial anti-clockwise. Once selected, the meters and the 'ECO mode' indicator are illuminated blue.

In SPORT S mode the powertrain is adapted to increase acceleration response. In the petrol version this results from a shift timing change; in the hybrid version it is achieved through drive force and engine responsiveness enhancements in the partial and full throttle range respectively. SPORT S mode can be selected by turning the dial once clockwise. When selected the meter illumination turns red and the SPORT S mode is indicated on the 12.3'' screen.

Available on GS models equipped with the Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), SPORT S+ mode combines the SPORT S mode's enhanced powertrain output with coordinated control of the Vehicle's Dynamic Integrated Management (Step 5 VDIM) including Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS). When equipped with Lexus Dynamic Handling (LDH), also Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS) are included.

All these enhance the new GS' stability and steering rewarding the driver with the ultimate in sporting driving dynamics. The SPORT S+ mode can be selected by turning the dial twice clockwise illuminating the meters red and the SPORT S+ mode is indicated on the 12.3'' screen.

In addition, a new Sport-D Control system, activated when SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes are engaged, enhances the performance of the GS 350AWD's automatic transmission. With the gear shift level in D-range, Sport-D Control automatically shifts down the appropriate gear when the vehicle approaches a corner and maintains the gear when cornering, making maximum acceleration available to the driver as he exits the bend.

When M-range is selected, the driver benefits from the total control of fully manual gear changes via steering wheel mounted shift paddles. With rapid up shifting and throttle blipping on down shifts, customers can enjoy the most direct, sporting driving experience the new GS has to offer.

Enhancing the enjoyment of the new GS's expanded breadth of driving style preferences, the ambient illumination of the driver's instruments changes to a tranquil blue in ECO mode, whilst switching to red in both SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes. Switching to SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes in the GS 450h automatically changes the system power indicator into a tachometer.

The Lexus Dynamic Handling (LDH) System
The Lexus GS 450h F SPORT can be equipped with the Lexus Dynamic Handling system, making it the world's first hybrid vehicle to feature an integrated four-wheel steering system.

The leading edge platform technology of the Lexus Dynamic Handling system offers an integration of Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS), Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS), to coordinate every aspect of front and rear wheel control and provide agile, sharp and confident driving behaviour with a more direct response to the driver's actions.

Monitoring vehicle speed, steering direction and driver inputs, LDH calculates the optimum angle for all four wheels. Using VGRS to the front and DRS to the rear, the system can independently control both front and rear wheel steering angles to greatly improve turn-in response, rear grip, vehicle stability and overall agility when cornering.

The LDH system monitors vehicle speed and yaw rate, steering angle and speed, and lateral G to calculate the required rear wheel steering input, to a maximum of 2.0 degrees. At most speeds below 80km/h the front and rear wheels turn in opposite directions. In certain conditions at speeds over 80km/h, front and rear wheels turn in the same direction.

Further coordinating DRS with VGRS and EPS, the Lexus Dynamic Handling system will automatically customise the adaptive suspension tuning and active safety systems to suit road conditions, vehicle speed and driving style, giving customers the confidence to fully exploit the new GS's exceptional driving performance.

ENGINES AND TRANSMISSIONS
In Europe, the new GS model range is available with a choice of three powertrains; the GS 450h full hybrid, featuring a second generation Lexus Hybrid Drive system; a revised GS 350AWD, with increased power and greater efficiency; and the Lexus GS 250, featuring a 2.5 litre V6 which is new to the GS model range.

GS 450h
Reinforcing the company's commitment to the future of full hybrid drive technology, the new GS 450h is equipped with a second generation Lexus Hybrid Drive system.

Incorporating comprehensive improvements to every aspect of its full hybrid powertrain, the new GS 450h offers significant reductions in fuel consumption and CO2, NOx and PM emissions, with no loss of performance.

With a total system power output of 254kW/345DIN hp, the GS 450h will accelerate from 0-100km/h in 5.9 seconds and has a maximum speed of 250km/h. Conversely, fuel consumption has been reduced by 23% to 5.9l/100 km, and CO2 emissions have fallen to 137g/km.

Lexus Hybrid Drive System Architecture
As with every Lexus hybrid vehicle, the new GS 450h is a full hybrid capable of operating in petrol or electric modes alone, as well as a combination of both. Its Lexus Hybrid Drive system features an ultra-smooth running, 213kW/290DIN hp, 3.5 litre V6 petrol engine mated to a compact, high-output, water-cooled permanent magnet electric motor, the two powerplants driving the rear wheels both independently and in tandem, as appropriate.

In addition to the petrol engine and electric motor, the new GS 450h's hybrid drive system further comprises a generator, a high-performance nickel-metal hydride battery, a power split device which, via planetary reduction gears, combines and re-allocates power from the engine, electric motor and generator according to operational requirements, and a compact power control unit to govern the high speed interaction of the system components.

3.5 Litre Atkinson cycle V6
Adapted specifically for the hybrid powertrain, the 3.5 litre, DOHC, V6 petrol engine benefits from several technical improvements. It adopts the Atkinson cycle to optimise the fuel-efficient benefits of Lexus Hybrid Drive.

With conventional four-cycle petrol engines, there are times when 'fuel enrichment' becomes necessary, cooling exhaust gases to prevent degradation or destruction of the catalytic converters. Because the intake valves close late in an Atkinson cycle engine, compression is delayed. This creates a high expansion ratio for less compression, reducing intake and exhaust energy losses and converting combustion energy to engine power more effectively. As a result, the exhaust temperature is lower than that of conventional engines.

Further reductions in fuel consumption have been achieved through a high physical compression ratio of 13:1, a new, mid-port intake tumble generator and the adoption of next generation D-4S direct injection technology.

D-4S is the latest evolution of Lexus' stoichiometric, 4-stroke, direct injection technology. With one injector installed in the combustion chamber and a second mounted in the intake port, it combines the strengths of both direct and port injection, realising optimum engine efficiency throughout the power band and improving torque across the rev range, whilst minimising fuel consumption and emissions.

The new GS 450h's next generation D-4S system features new slit-type injector nozzles with a modified port shape, a higher fuel pressure for more efficient combustion, and idle port injection for improved NHV characteristics.

Engine noise, vibration and friction has been lowered through the adoption of lightweight chain technology, a piston pin offset change and a reduction in the number of drive belt reinforcement ribs.

In addition, engine durability has been improved through the removal of all external oil lines, and environmental performance enhanced by a new-specification catalyst which contains greatly reduced levels of precious metal.

Additional Hybrid System Component Improvements

The cooling performance of the hybrid system's Power Control Unit (PCU) has been improved through the adoption of dual cooling paths and a single-piece, integrated DC/DC converter.

System control has been enhanced. The PCU boosts motor drive voltage to a maximum 650V in SPORT S mode and limiting it to a maximum of 500V in ECO mode to provide a more environmentally-friendly driving performance.

The electric motor features lighter mounts and a reduction in friction. And the system's regenerative braking operation range has been expanded, contribution to further improvements in fuel efficiency.

In addition, the battery layout has been redesigned; a new stacked configuration maximising luggage space.

GS 250
Expanding the powertrain line-up to offer further improvements in fuel economy and emissions, a 2.5 litre V6 petrol engine is available for the first time in the Lexus GS model range.

The V6 features D-4S direct injection, and Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) to both intake and exhaust camshafts, enhancing engine performance.

It develops 154 kW/209 DIN hp at 6,400rpm and 253Nm of torque at 4,800rpm, accelerating the Lexus GS 250 from 0-100km/h in 8.6 seconds and giving a maximum speed of 230km/h. Fuel consumption is 8.9l/100 km, and CO2 emissions 207g/km.

The new 2.5 litre V6 is mated to Lexus' '6 Super ECT' close-ratio 6-speed automatic transmission, which features a sequential manual shifting mode. As with the 3.5 litre engine, it incorporates numerous technologies including faster shift speeds, earlier torque converter lock-up and downshift throttle blips- to support the range of driving modes available through the Drive Mode Select system.

GS 350AWD
The 3.5 litre V6 petrol engine of the new GS 350AWD has been revised to lower both fuel consumption and emissions.

The advanced V6 features D-4S direct and port injection, and Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) to both intake and exhaust camshafts, significantly enhancing engine performance and reducing fuel consumption.

It develops 233 kW/317 DIN hp at 6,400rpm and 378Nm of torque at 4,800rpm, accelerating the GS 350AWD from 0-100km/h in 6.3 seconds and on to a maximum speed of 190km/h. Fuel consumption has been reduced to 10.2 l/100 km, and CO2 emissions are 237g/km.

The '6 Super ECT' close-ratio 6-speed automatic transmission features a sequential manual shifting mode. It incorporates numerous technologies including faster shift speeds, earlier torque converter lock-up and downshift throttle blips- to support the range of driving modes available through the Drive Mode Select system.

The GS 350AWD's electronically controlled all-wheel drive system is designed to improve traction and grip by automatically varying front-to-rear torque balance from 50:50 to as much as 20:80, providing exceptional stability under all driving conditions.

Read More