Fiat Panda Trekking, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

• Fiat Panda Trekking, 2013

Fiat Panda Trekking is the link between the 4x2 and the 4x4 version, it combines off-road looks with smart front-wheel drive and "Traction+" technology. That's what makes this new car the perfect solution for those who mainly use their vehicles in the city, but want to travel safely on surfaces with poorer road grip during all their outdoor activities. All of this without compromising on the space and versatility so unique to an SUV which is compact on the outside but surprisingly large on the inside. This is how Panda Trekking became Fiat's first 5-door 'City Utility Vehicle' in the segment.

Design
From a stylistic point of view, the new Fiat Panda Trekking is perfectly in line with the 4x4 version: the only differences are the cosmetic treatment of the alloy rims (aluminium instead of burnished) and the absence of a silver skid plate. Like on the Panda 4x4, the new model is characterised by the marked geometric lines of the front and rear bumpers, while the tailpipes seamlessly follow the lines of the body. For those who choose the 4x4 look, two new body colours now complement the existing colour palette: Sicilia orange (pastel) and Toscana green (metallic).

The interiors pick up the solutions adopted on 4x2 versions with a few significant exceptions: a new green fascia variant frames the instruments and the large storage pocket, there are fabric seats with a special design in three colour options (green, beige, pumpkin) and eco-leather details, front and rear door panels also with eco-leather inserts and finally a high console over the central tunnel which adds a further storage compartment to the 14 already present on the 4x2 versions.

Engine versions
The Fiat Panda Trekking is available with the following engines: 85 HP 0.9 TwinAir Turbo, 80 HP TwinAir Turbo Natural Power and 75 HP 1.3 MultiJet II. Along with their 5-speed manual gearboxes, these are all state-of-the-art power units, both in terms of performance and in terms of fuel consumption and emissions, reinforcing Fiat Automobile's constant focus on environmental issues, by researching and developing specific solutions that are accessible and ready-to-use.

"Traction+": increased safety on any road surface
A key feature of the 85 HP Trekking 0.9 TwinAir Turbo and the 75 HP Trekking 1.3 MultiJet II is their adoption of "Traction+" as standard, an innovative traction control system that improves handling on difficult and slippery terrain and also costs far less than conventional 4x4 drive. "Traction+," combined with the specially designed 175/65 R15 84T M+S tyres (standard) is therefore perfectly in tune with the Panda concept: a car for doing whatever you want.

The new "Traction +" system uses the advanced hardware present on cars equipped with ESC, but is far more than a simple extension of ESC. Thanks to special algorithms for controlling and managing the braking system, the control unit electronically simulates the behaviour of a self-locking electromechanical differential. Software optimisations and the fact that force is applied through the normal (hydraulic) braking circuit makes the system's action more progressive than that of conventional systems. Though performance is easily comparable, the system is much lighter. The system is activated using a button on the dashboard, and can be operated at speeds of up to 30 km/h.

This is how it works. Under conditions of low or zero grip from any drive wheel, the control unit detects slip and commands the hydraulic circuit to apply braking force to the slipping wheel, thus shifting drive to the wheel on the surface offering better grip. This makes it easy to drive, maintains directional stability and control, and ensures the best possible traction even over the roughest and most slippery surfaces.

The Fiat Panda Trekking is therefore at ease even on rough and challenging terrains, as demonstrated by its excellent "typical off-road angles": 20° (attack), 36° (exit) and 20° (elevation) in the version fitted with the 1.3 MultiJet II 75 HP engine, which become 20° - 36° - 16° for the Panda Trekking 0.9 TwinAir and for the Panda Trekking 0.9 TwinAir Natural Power.

Compact on the outside, spacious and flexible on the inside
Offered with five doors and with the passenger room of a higher segment, the new Fiat Panda Trekking is an authentic City SUV, in that it efficiently combines its smaller external size with a surprising internal volume. The passenger compartment also boasts great flexibility - thanks above all to the variety of seating adjustments available - and excellent visibility and command of the road due to the extensive glazed areas, the high driving position and the gear lever positioned at the centre of the dashboard.

In fact, even though it is just 368 centimetres long, 167 cm wide and 160 cm high with a wheelbase of 230 centimetres, the new vehicle can accommodate up to five people and boasts a boot amongst the most spacious in its segment: 225 litres which can be extended to 260 with the sliding rear seat pushed fully forward or 870 litres with the backrest of the rear seats folded.

As well as being spacious, the passenger compartment of the new Trekking is also functional and comfortable thanks to the variety of seating configurations. For example: the driver's seat is also available with adjustable height while the front passenger seat can be fitted with a fold-down table backrest. In this latter case, this means you can benefit from a handy support surface both for common objects, such as a handbag or a laptop, as well as for more unusual items: when the rear seats are also folded down, the customer can obtain a flat loading surface for the entire length of the passenger compartment (more than 2 metres), allowing maximum use of the interior space.

The rear seat ensures the same versatility. It is available in the standard 2-seater version with folding unsplit backrest or, on request, in the following configurations: 2 seats, sliding lengthwise, with 50/50 split folding backrest; 3 seats with folding backrest; and 3 seats with 60/40 split folding backrest. This can all be made even more functional if combined with the handy and useful "cargo box" container that when placed in the boot lets you both stow several objects inside of it or obtain an all but flat loading surface.

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Dodge Ram 1500, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Dodge Ram 1500, 2013

The new 2013 Ram 1500 is the Ram Truck brand's latest entry into the ultra-competitive full-size, light-duty pickup truck segment. The new truck represents the brand's first iteration to its most recognized truck since the inception of the Ram nameplate in 2011.

The new 2013 Ram 1500 is the latest innovation off Ram's full-size, body-on-frame truck architecture, designed, engineered and executed to strike at the emotional chords of the "Guts and Glory" mindset of enthusiasts and potential buyers. In form and function, the new 2013 Ram 1500 conveys boldness, valor, virtue and power-oriented capability like no other in its class, but it does so, aesthetically and functionally, at a different level.

The light-duty full-size pickup truck segment has evolved from "brute capability and acceptable efficiency" to an engineering and execution that combine desirable size, configurations, capability, refinement, efficiency, technology and quality.

The new 2013 Ram 1500 will offer the most fuel-efficient model in its class, and more available functional, innovative and interactive technologies than the competition. The new truck will have capability on par with or better than anything in its class and more quality-validated than anything in it class.

The ride and handling compares favorably with premium-oriented sedans, but sacrifices nothing in terms of payload and towing capabilities for which it is best-in-class. The 2013 Ram 1500 conveys confidence with responsive steering, brake-pedal feel and great ride characteristics.

Ram's newest truck also offers more factory-installed exterior options and systems than anything in its class. The distinctive, brand-oriented design and refined mechanical interior and exterior executions deliver on the concept of "bold opulence." Customers in this category will view it as being far more expensive than its competitors, but the new Ram 1500 remains a great value.

Like its 2012 predecessor, the new 2013 Ram 1500 will be available in three cab configurations (two-door Regular Cab, four-door extended Quad Cab® and four-door Crew Cab) with three box sizes - 5-foot-7-inch box, 6-foot-4-inch box and 8-foot box.

The new truck will be offered in 11 models/packages: ST, Tradesman, Express, SLT, Big Horn, Lone Star, Outdoorsman, Sport, R/T, Laramie and Laramie Longhorn.

The new 2013 Ram 1500 competitors are: Ford F-150, Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra, Nissan Titan and Toyota Tundra.

Start of production of the 2013 MY Ram 1500 is scheduled for third quarter of 2012. Regular Cab configured vehicles will be produced at the Saltillo Truck Assembly Plant in Saltillo, Mexico; Quad and Crew Cab configured vehicles will be manufactured at the Warren Truck Assembly Plant in Warren, Mich.

POWERTRAIN
Major changes under the hood of the new 2013 Ram 1500 will help deliver best-in-class fuel economy and substantial increases in power and performance with the Chrysler Group's award-winning Pentastar 3.6-liter V-6 engine coupled with the first use of an eight-speed TorqueFlite 8 transmission in a pickup truck.

The 5.7-liter HEMI also will benefit with the first use of an eight-speed automatic transmission. The new, TorqueFlite 8 is available with the V-8 engine and features a higher capacity torque converter and is scheduled for availability in late 2012.

Coupled with the debut of an eight-speed transmission, select Ram 1500 models will offer a new stop-start feature that automatically shuts the engine off when the truck comes to a complete stop, conserving fuel. The engine restarts when driving is resumed.

Best-in-class V-6 Fuel Economy - Pentastar V-6 Engine
With best-in-class standard horsepower rated at 305 at 6,400 rpm and torque of 269 lb.-ft. at 4,175 rpm, the 2013 Ram 1500 goes from zero to 60mph, three seconds faster than the previous V-6 powertrain. The new Ram 1500 becomes the latest vehicle to benefit from the advanced technology Pentastar engine. Features include Dual Overhead Camshafts (DOHC), high-torque over a broad rpm range, low exhaust emissions, E85 capability, exceptional fuel economy, and best-in-class noise, vibration and harshness (NVH).

Introduced less than two years ago, the new V-6 engine has become the workhorse engine across the Chrysler lineup and has replaced seven previous V-6 engines. The Pentastar won Ward's 10 Best Engines award in its debut year of 2011 and repeated this honor in 2012.

The compact, 60 degree, all-aluminum block is constructed of high strength die-cast T380 aluminum with cast iron bore liners. Six bolt main bearing caps contribute to an extremely rigid lower engine structure. Cast aluminum pistons are fitted to forged connecting rods. Aluminum cylinder heads with dual overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder include integral exhaust manifolds. High flow, tumble intake ports and a 10.2:1 compression ratio deliver an optimal balance of power, fuel efficiency and refinement.

Despite the high compression ratio, the Pentastar V-6 is designed to run on regular 87 octane fuel to reduce the cost of ownership. The 3.6-liter Pentastar also is E85 compliant across all 50 states.

To help deliver better fuel efficiency and better volumetric efficiency across a wide torque band, the engine also includes variable-valve timing (VVT) with dual-independent cam phasing. Nearly 90 percent of the engine's peak torque is available from 1,800 to 6,400 rpm - an important consideration when towing or hauling a load.

With increases in both horsepower and torque, there is no shortage of capability. For 2013, customers can opt for a V-6 engine with a 4x4 powertrain and in crew cab models.

Best-in-class V-8 Fuel Economy - 5.7-liter HEMI V-8
Long associated with power, enhanced fuel efficiency also is provided with the legendary HEMI® through the use of variable-valve timing (VVT) and cylinder shut-off technology. The 2013 Ram 1500 is the first vehicle to combine the new eight-speed automatic and the HEMI V-8 engine (late availability).

With 395 horsepower at 5,600 rpm and 407 lb.-ft. of torque at 3,950 rpm, the 5.7-liter HEMI V-8 delivers performance and best-in-class towing and payload — 11,500 pounds and 3,125 pounds, respectively with the Ram 1500 Tradesman Heavy Duty. Equipped with VVT, the engine is designed to deliver power across a wide torque band.

Fuel enhancing features with the HEMI include cylinder shut-off technology, which deactivates four cylinders of the engine during light acceleration or cruising situations on the highway when full V-8 power is not needed. Depending on the driving, cylinder shutoff can increase fuel economy from 5 to 20 percent. Transparent to the driver, the system operates between 1,000 and 3,000 rpm and provides V-8 power for acceleration and heavy loads and four-cylinder operation when the torque requirement is less than the maximum available from four cylinders, saving fuel.

Additionally, VVT technology improves fuel economy by first, reducing the engine's pumping work by closing the intake valve later, and second by increasing the expansion process of the combustion event. This allows more energy to be transferred to the wheels instead of being lost out of the exhaust as heat. VVT also improves engine breathing, which improves engine efficiency and power.

Fuel savings also are realized through an Interactive Deceleration Fuel Shut Off feature (iDFSO), which expands opportunities for turning off fuel to the engine during deceleration events thereby improving fuel economy in both city and highway driving.
Also, towing and payload capacity for the 2013 Ram 1500 is best-in-class with towing up to 11,500 pounds and payload up to 3,125 pounds, depending on model.

TorqueFlite 8 Automatic Transmissions
The new, 8HP45 eight-speed automatic transmission is the new standard transmission for Ram 1500 with V-6. For HEMI® V-8 - equipped Ram 1500 models, the higher torque capacity version 8HP70 will be available in the first quarter of 2013.

Owners will appreciate an innovative rotary e-shift dial for trucks equipped with the new TorqueFlite 8-speed transmission that replaces both column and floor shifters. The exclusive rotary e-shift enables intuitive operation with a direct and confident feel, even with gloves on. The convenient, dash-mounted, easy-to-understand and operate system provides total control of the sophisticated eight-speed transmission and is Ram Truck's innovative approach to electronic shifters, already used in Class 6-8 trucks. This new design allows quick blind-shift transitions from "Reverse" to "Drive" when towing or navigating out of mud, snow or busy parking lots and crowded worksites. The new rotary e-shift dial also yields space for more functional and usable storage in the console.

Fully electronic, both the 8HP45 and 8HP70 transmissions feature on-the-fly shift map changing. More than 40 individual shift maps for very specific conditions optimize shift quality and shift points for fuel economy, performance and drivability. The intelligent software takes into account variables including engine torque gradients, kick down events, longitudinal and lateral acceleration, hill detection, friction detection and downshift detection to determine the appropriate shift map. Additional parameters integrated into the control strategy include vehicle speed control, electronic stability control interaction and temperature. The result is automatic shifting ideally attuned to the performance requirements of almost any driving demand.

The transmission efficiency and wide ratio spread provide the best possible fuel economy by operating at a lower engine rpm in both city and highway environments. Driving at a lower rpm also helps to effectively reduce emissions by nearly 11 percent. Internally, identical transmission gear ratios are used in both the 8HP45 and 8HP70 transmissions.

The addition of more gear ratios also helps reduce the gaps normally associated with upshifting and downshifting. Gear changes are nearly imperceptible due to the evenly spaced gear steps between each gear ratio. Internally, both transmissions have four gear sets and five shift elements (multi-disc clutches and brakes). Only two shift elements are open at any time. With fewer open shift elements, drag losses due to multiple parts rotating relative to one another are reduced, improving fuel efficiency.

High efforts in shifting have been eliminated with gear selection controlled by a shift-by-wire system. Shift positions, selected by the driver via a rotary e-shift dial on the instrument panel, are transmitted electronically with no mechanical linkage from the shifter to the outside of the transmission. Elimination of this linkage removes any shift effort from the driver's gear selection but maintains an intuitive operation with a direct and confident feel. Calibration also is improved for smoother shifting in garages or while parking.

Torque capacity for the 8HP45 is 332 lb.-ft. (450Nm). The heavy-duty 8HP70 has a torque capacity rating of 516 lb.-ft. (700Nm).

Thermal Management System
Making its introduction and a segment exclusive on the 2013 Ram 1500 is a new thermal management system that is designed to quickly raise engine and transmission fluid temperatures. By raising fluid temperatures, parasitic losses resulting from low-viscosity engine oil and transmission fluid are reduced, improving fuel efficiency by 1.7 percent.

One of the system enablers is a new electronic thermostat. Unlike previous mechanical thermostats, the electronic version constantly monitors engine temperature, allowing shorter warm up time and maintaining the engine at the most efficient operating range. As the engine temperature increases to pre-determined levels, warm engine coolant is circulated through a thermal exchange unit, which also contains dedicated pathways for transmission fluid and engine oil. As the thermal exchange unit heats up, it also heats up the fluids. This action dramatically reduces warm up time for the transmission, improving fuel economy, drivability and shift quality. In most powertrain configurations, the transmission heats up independently of the engine, delaying warm-up time and reducing efficiency.

Standard on trucks with the TorqueFlite 8, the new thermal management system is primarily used to increase fuel efficiency but assists in preventing the transmission from exceeding operating temperatures in situations when towing or hauling — improving durability and performance.

Stop-start
Adding to industry firsts in a pickup truck is the application of stop-start, another fuel-saving feature available on select 2013 Ram 1500 models. This new system improves fuel economy by up to 3.3 percent, an increase of about one mile per gallon (mpg) to the truck's city drive cycle.

Stop-start increases fuel efficiency by shutting the engine off when the truck comes to a complete stop. Amenities (radio, gauges, heating or air conditioning, etc.) continue to operate, making the operation transparent to the driver. The engine restarts automatically when the driver releases the brake, allowing seamless acceleration.

The system monitors brake pedal position and vehicle speed over time to determine appropriate engine shut off, preventing frequent on/off cycling in heavy stop-and-go traffic situations.

Precise powertrain calibration and input from a number of systems determines when to engage the system.
Due to additional high-use and electrical load demands placed on the starter, alternator and battery, these components have been upgraded for heavy-duty operation on models equipped with the stop-start feature. This includes a high-durability starter housed in a stronger case, heavy-duty flywheel teeth and a more robust starter solenoid. During testing, the new starter was subjected to durability testing cycles more than 2.5 times that of a non-stop-start equipped unit - more than 300,000 on/off cycles. The new battery features 800 amps with Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) technology. An upgraded 220-amp alternator also is included in the charging system.

System voltage is continually monitored through a battery sensor. If the battery's charge is reduced, the truck will discontinue stop-start until the battery is recharged to an acceptable level.

Stop-start is activated automatically and requires no input from the driver. A system disable switch is located on the dash if the operator wishes to suspend the feature.

Transfer Cases
Two transfer cases are available on the 2013 Ram 1500: the Borg Warner 44-45, which enables part-time four-wheel drive operation with a two-speed gear system; and the Borg Warner 44-44, which enables an on-demand four-wheel drive system, also with a two-speed gear system. Both transfer cases are engaged with a dash-mounted rotary dial (column shifter) or buttons (TorqueFlite 8 rotary e-shifter).

The part-time transfer case provides three operating ranges 2HI (two-wheel drive), 4HI (four-wheel drive) and 4LO (low-range reduction four-wheel drive) plus a neutral position. The 2HI is designed for any road surface at any time. Both 4HI and 4LO are for off-road use or slick surfaces. Operating mode may be switched between 2HI and 4HI while the vehicle is in motion, but the vehicle's transmission must be in neutral to engage 4LO. The low-range reduction ratio for 4LO is 2.64:1, which provides increased low-speed torque capability for pulling power in off-road conditions.

The on-demand transfer case provides four operating ranges: auto, 2HI, 4HI and 4LO. The auto range provides optimum versatility by engaging two- or four-wheel drive depending on road conditions. 2HI, 4HI and 4LO function the same as in the part-time transfer case.
Driveshafts incorporate 1350 series universal joints, two-piece thrust washers with triple-lip seals and improved journal cross strength.

Axles
Two final drive ratios, 3.21 and 3.55, are available on both the 2WD and 4WD models, reducing engine rpm throughout the operating range for better fuel economy.

Four-wheel drive models of the 2013 Ram 1500 use a front axle designed for optional air suspension or standard torsional independent front suspension, incorporating half-shafts that drive front hubs. The axle also has a disconnect system that automatically disengages the axle when four-wheel drive mode is disengaged, for increased fuel economy.

The rear axle uses a new optional air suspension or multi-link mounting design to facilitate a coil-spring setup, with forward-facing shock absorber brackets. Four gear ratios are available: 3.21, 3.55, 3.92 and 4.10.

In addition, an optional helical-gear, limited-slip rear axle is available. The limited-slip function instantaneously divides torque between the rear wheels in proportion to the traction available to each wheel. The system is consistently smooth when turning corners because it responds only to variations in traction.

ENGINEERING
Although the new 2013 Ram 1500 boasts numerous segment-exclusive features, most are under the skin, yet certainly help the new truck stand out from the herd, delivering best-in-class fuel efficiency, ride and handling.

Aerodynamics
The new 2013 Ram 1500 retains its ruggedly handsome appearance with a new, bolder and more aggressive front end. Extensive wind-tunnel testing honed the 2013 Ram 1500 exterior shape, resulting in continued best-in-class aerodynamics. Also, the cooperative application of active aerodynamics and modern styling led to a 6 percent aerodynamic improvement on the new truck. The 2013 Ram 1500 Regular Cab 4x2 coefficient of drag (Cd) is 0.363 - compared with a Cd of 0.386 for a 2012 Ram 1500 Regular Cab 4x2.

Exterior
The front air dam of the 2013 Ram 1500 has been extended downward to create a 0.6 percent improvement in fuel economy. Engineers used a new thermo-plastic material, which is much more malleable, preventing breakage due to contact with curbs, rocks or other objects.

A new wheel-to-wheel tubular side-step design offers aerodynamic improvements over the current version by allowing air to pass around the truck more smoothly. The improvement adds 0.5 percent to fuel efficiency and allows customers easy access to the forward portion of the truck bed.

For 2013, select Ram 1500 models feature a segment exclusive, standard, lockable tri-fold tonneau cover. Serving a dual-purpose, the tonneau cover improves fuel economy by 0.8 percent and adds security and weather protection for bed storage. The unique design is flexible, giving owners the ability to utilize one, two or all three sections of the cover by folding the system on top of itself.

Active Grille Shutters
The new Ram 1500 is the first truck to employ an active grille shutter system, which automatically closes the airflow through the huge grille when cooling is least needed. The system improves fuel economy by 0.5 percent by reducing drag roughly 3 to 5 percent and improves warm-up time/defrost time.

When the active grille shutters are closed, airflow is redirected over and around the front of the truck, enhancing aerodynamic performance rather than creating turbulence in the engine compartment. Engine coolant temperature and vehicle speed determine shutter position. The shutters remain closed when less engine cooling is required and aerodynamic drag is most significant; the system will open the shutters when the truck's cooling demands require additional airflow, for example traveling up a hill or pulling a trailer in high-temperature environments.

Air Suspension
Best-in-class ride and handling get even better. The 2013 Ram 1500 is now available with an all-new air suspension system for optimum ride and aerodynamic performance. Another benefit to the new air suspension is the load-leveling capability, which automatically detects load on the suspension from a trailer or payload. The air pressure increases until the vehicle reaches normal ride height, leveling the truck and improving the loaded ride.

The new air suspension system features five height settings that operate automatically or may be controlled manually via console or key fob controls:

•     Normal Ride Height (NRH): 8.7 inches of clearance (measured from the base of the door sill) is the default, load-leveled ride height
•     Aero Mode: Lowers the vehicle 1.1 inches from NRH. Aero Mode improves fuel efficiency by up to one percent and is activated by vehicle speed, adjusting for optimal performance and fuel economy
•     Off-road 1: Lifts the vehicle 1.2 inches from NRH for added height in clearing obstacles
•     Off-road 2: Delivers more off-road capability, increasing ground clearance by 2 inches over NRH
•     Park Mode: Lowers the vehicle 2 inches from NRH for easy entry/exit and cargo loading

The new air suspension system adds up to 4 inches of lift span, offering best-in-class step-in height of 21 inches, best-in-class ground clearance of 10.7 inches, best-in-class departure angle of 27.8 degrees, and best-in-class breakover angle of 24.2 degrees supported by four-corner air springs that provide a cushioned, premium ride.

The air suspension system also allows for different spring rates depending on the ride height. In Off-road 2, the rate is firmer when compared to Normal Ride Height, improving the ability of the suspension to soak up obstacles. In Aero mode, the rate is softened to improve ride on highways.

Additionally, a separate button on the key fob gives the operator the ability to manually lower the truck, allowing for ease of passenger entry and bed loading.

Electric Power Steering
The 2013 Ram 1500 features electric power steering (EPS). By using an electric motor to power the truck's rack and pinion steering system, the engine is relieved from the task of a constantly turning a hydraulic pump, improving fuel efficiency up to 1.8 percent and adding 5 horsepower. Also, the introduction of EPS reduces complexity by removing the previous hydraulic pump, high-pressure hydraulic hoses and cooling apparatus. This greatly streamlines manufacturing and maintenance. With EPS, each Ram 1500 model can be specifically calibrated to optimize steering effort and precision regardless of body or powertrain configuration. Additionally, EPS senses constant input from the driver, for example a crown in the road and compensates for improved comfort.

Weight Reduction
Weight reduction is an important variable in the fuel economy equation. Reducing the weight of components improves fuel economy and allows for more content without affecting payload or towing capability.

Contingent on model, a newly redesigned frame benefits from a weight reduction of up to 30 pounds by using advanced high-strength steels. Also benefitting from advanced metal, new box floor cross-members in the bed eliminates 7 pounds and a new front bumper design removes 4 pounds. Additionally, aluminum lower control arms in the front suspension contribute to weight reduction and handling. The Ram 1500 also features an aluminum hood saving 26 pounds.

Underneath the hood, the combination of the new Pentastar V-6 engine and new TorqueFlite 8 transmission reduce weight by approximately 76 pounds. The V-8 engine and TorqueFlite 8 together reduce weight by more than 30 pounds.

The weight reductions not only allow for more convenience, comfort and entertainment features but also best-in-class fuel-saving technology such as thermal management, stop-start and active aerodynamics.

Pulse-width Modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a new fuel-saving technology for the Ram 1500, which reduces parasitic electrical load. The technology not only eliminates unnecessary load on the alternator but also improves the durability of benefitting systems. Fuel delivery and the forward cooling fan are two systems that take advantage of PWM, adding a 0.4 percent improvement in fuel efficiency.

Fuel Delivery
The primary fuel pump is responsible for ensuring a constant pressure of fuel at the engine's injectors. Although the truck is not always at full throttle, the pump must continuously run at operating capacity to compensate for when the engine requires full throttle fuel delivery. The PWM system includes a sensor at the fuel rails dictating fuel pressure requirements, allowing the primary fuel pump to operate on-demand, much like a light dimmer switch. This efficient operation not only results in reduced parasitic loss by relieving the alternator and reducing unnecessary load on the engine, but also greatly improves the durability of the fuel pump system by significantly reducing duty cycles.

Cooling Fan
For 2013, the radiator's electric cooling fan also features PWM, allowing the high-current fan to operate at variable speeds. As in fuel delivery, the fan does not need to operate at full capacity during all drive cycles. Although most automotive fan systems have the ability to function at a variety of speeds, few will closely monitor the engine temperature and make slight changes in speed to compensate for subtle temperature changes. The combination of a PWM fan, active grille shutters, engine and transmission thermal management system, and an electronic thermostat provide an advanced temperature-control solution for the 2013 Ram 1500.

Low-rolling-resistance Tires
The 2013 Ram 1500 features standard low-rolling resistance tires to minimize wasted energy and decrease required rolling effort. Tread patterns, advanced materials and millions of miles of testing result is greater fuel efficiency.

Chassis
The 2013 Ram 1500 uses a newly designed frame with improved, low-torsion (stiffness) attributes that increase stability and handling precision while decreasing noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) up to 30 percent, depending on drive cycle. Front rails feature 20 percent increased yield strength from the use of high-strength steel. Among other features, the new frame design incorporates new powertrain, new air suspension and new body mounting technology.

Portions of the frame are hydroformed for dimensional accuracy (hydroforming reduces the amount of welding that leads to distortion), and side rails are fully boxed. The front frame section incorporates advanced, high-strength steel that maintains overall strength and durability while saving approximately 30 pounds. To further improve NVH, new larger body mounts are located on the front frame rails and at the C-pillar.

Two frame lengths are available: 120-inch and 140-inch. The new 2013 Ram 1500 is capable of handling the best-in-class towing and payload, 11,500 pounds and 3,125 pounds respectively.

In 2009, the Ram 1500 introduced an exclusive multi-link, coil-spring rear suspension and the competition has been trying to catch up ever since. Standard on Ram 1500 models, excluding Ram 1500 Tradesman HD, the innovative rear suspension provides improved ride and handling characteristics with no loss of capability. A coil-spring design centralizes and absorbs bumps and impacts, while reducing the amount of friction in the spring system. This design also weighs 40 pounds less than a leaf-spring configuration.

New standard front independent suspension combines redesigned upper control arms, aluminum lower control arms and retuned geometry with coil springs for improved responsiveness and handling. New, more robust ball joints on the front suspension yield greater durability and are engineered with improved sealing methods.

Brake System
A new brake system relocates the anti-lock brake (ABS) pump for improved NVH and is engineered for shorter brake pedal travel. Also, a new hydraulic-boost compensation unit enhances brake pedal feel and performance under emergency stop events.
Four-wheel disc brakes are standard on all 2013 Ram Truck models. Front rotors measure 13.2 inches (336 mm) in diameter and are clamped with dual-piston calipers, while rear rotors are 13.8 inches (352 mm) and utilize single-piston calipers.

DESIGN
The new 2013 Ram 1500 continues to maintain its ruggedly handsome appearance with all-new interior and exterior design aesthetics, improved aerodynamics and all-new, segment-leading technology — and every Ram 1500 truck benefits from new content specifically designed to match each model's unique style.

Exterior
Ram Truck brand designers started with the Ram grille, making it not only larger - with the same overall width — but approximately one inch taller — "saddled" within the new upper fascia panel for a more integrated appearance. The lower outboard corners have been beveled for a more "gusseted," durable appearance.

The classic Ram crosshair horizontal and vertical grille bars are now flush at the top and bottom of the grille surround. The bars themselves are more sculpted and artfully cross in the middle to create a perfect location for an updated interpretation of the Ram badge, which now incorporates sculpted bevels around the shield.

Four new grille designs are available on the 2013 Ram 1500. ST, SLT and R/T have a new molded-in Black "Hex-Link" design. Big Horn and Sport both receive a "Billet-Perf" texture available in two different finishes specific to their model. The Laramie model features the "Hex-Perf" texture in Chrome and Laramie Longhorn offers an upscale "Wave-Mesh" texture.

The new front bumper design supports the saddled Ram grille theme with new vertically oriented fog lamps for improved light spread, distance and brightness. Larger openings around the front tow hooks (four-wheel-drive models) allow for easy access to the hooks. The bumper is available in four different finishes specific to each model - satin black, body-colored, two-tone accent or chrome.

The 2013 Ram 1500 quad headlamp design has improved light spread, pattern consistency, distance and 30 percent more lumens. An all-new premium headlamp lighting system is a bi-functional halogen projector design with 15 amber LEDs for park/turn/position lamp and three amber LEDs for the side marker. A vertically ribbed inner lens softens the glow of the LEDs. The new lamp is standard on Sport (with unique Black bezels) and Laramie Longhorn while optional on Laramie. The Ram design team carefully crafted the interior bezel and housing to create a visually entertaining, yet functional piece of hardware. Also, a Ram shield logo is molded into the housing and the Ram name molded into the inside of the outer lens.

Each Ram 1500 model features new wheel designs that incorporate the "gusseted" theme from the Ram grille.

For 2013, the Ram 1500 offers 12 different colors, including five new shades. Black Gold Pearl, Copperhead Pearl, Maximum Steel Metallic, Prairie Pearl and Western Brown Pearl are all new, and available in a monotone and/or two-tone, depending on the model.

The new, polished stainless steel running boards have a sturdy-looking box cross-section design with a hexagon tread pattern. Front and rear custom end caps feature "Ram" logos. Also, the new wheel-to-wheel running board design offers aerodynamic improvements over the current version and provides customer's improved access to the forward portion of the truck bed.

A new 6-foot-4-inch bed option is now available on Crew Cab models giving customers the ability to combine Ram 1500's largest available cab with the largest available bed.
An all-new premium taillamp is standard on Sport (with unique Black finish) and Laramie Longhorn, optional on Laramie. The stop/tail/turn functions consist of 15 red LEDs with three red LEDs for the side marker. A frosted inner lens creates visual entertainment and softens the glow of the LEDs.

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Citroen C4 L, 2013

 

 

 

•  Citroen C4 L, 2013

The "Lounge" version of the Citroën C4 is positioned at the top end of the C-segment. Launched in late 2012 in China and in 2013 in Russia, the Citroën C4 L extends the C4 family and is fully consistent with the "positive energy" spirit of the line-up through its prestigious and contemporary styling, exceptional on-board well-being and creative in-car technologies ensuring comfort, safety and performance.

Dynamic, prestigious styling
The Citroën C4 L three-box saloon immediately gives off an impression of vitality with its well-balanced proportions (4.62 m x 1.78 m x 1.5 m) and road-hugging stance. It also expresses elegance and modernity through strong styling and classic Citroën design cues, including sculptural lines, a large chrome-finished grille, front and rear light signatures, and a convex rear window inspired by those on the Citroën C5 and C6.

The new model's top-end status is underscored by seamless panel joints, alloy wheels and pure and well-defined chrome detailing, all of which also serve to boost the personality of the Citroën C4 L, an elegant and refined car worthy of superior segments and featuring impressive levels of in-car equipment.

Prestigious driver's station
The impression of quality continues behind the wheel, with a high-end driver's station and a lavishly equipped console. The dashboard includes a modern instrument cluster with a sophisticated play of transparency and light and settings that drivers can set to suit their tastes. The Citroën C4 L is also extremely user-friendly and puts drivers and passengers at ease immediately. Drivers can operate the driving and comfort controls without taking their hands off the wheel.

New standards in quality
The Citroën C4 L is strong on perceived quality at all levels, from styling and materials to technologies, such as laser welding. For optimal reliability and long-lasting performance, Citroën will carry out over four million kilometres of tests worldwide before launch.

First-class travel
In line with Brand values, the Citroën C4 L was designed with the travelling comfort of passengers in mind. It brings occupants unrivalled well-being in the segment, with generous rear leg room, thanks to the longest wheelbase in the segment (at 2.71 m, some 10 cm more than the new Citroën C4), and supremely comfortable rear seats featuring wraparound bases, 29° tilting seat backs and, depending on the country, "comfort" head rests for first-class travel in a lounge-like atmosphere.

The Citroën C4 L also boasts a capacious boot, at 440 litres VDA, and a host of ingenious and roomy storage compartments, such as big door bins, a sizeable glove box and a cubbyhole under the armrest.

Top-grade thermal and acoustic comfort
The Citroën C4 L also benefits from top-grade thermal comfort and a pure cabin atmosphere thanks to an airquality management system, an air conditioning unit with three air-flow settings and, depending on the country, an air ioniser. Acoustic comfort is also strong, with optimised soundproofing (sealed-out exterior noise and filtered road noise). The aim is simple: total calm for all passengers.

Citroën road feel
Citroën fine tuned the suspension settings on the C4 L to give it optimal comfort, strong roadholding and inimitable Citroën road feel. Bumps and holes are soaked up masterfully for front and rear passengers alike. The C4 L sets a new standard in its segment on this score.

As well as comfortable, the Citroën C4 L is easy to drive, with precise steering, controlled body roll and sharp responses for dodging obstacles and braking in emergencies. The new model immediately inspires the confidence of driver and passengers.

Modern equipment
For the safety and well-being of all passengers, the Citroën C4 L is, depending on the country, available with cutting-edge technologies such as hands-free start-up, a fully heated windscreen, a reversing camera for easier parking, an automatic windscreen wiper/headlamp system, Xenon dual-function headlamps and a touch-screen GPS system.

The latest-generation GPS features a number of quality features, including a 7-inch touch screen, a DVD player, mapping with real-view 3D intersections, and, naturally, connectivity for portable devices (USB, streaming, etc.) plus a Bluetooth hands-free kit.

New range of petrol engines
The Citroën C4 L ships with a broad range of market-adapted petrol engines:

•     the THP engine, designed with the BMW group, with high-pressure direct sequential injection and a Twin Scroll turbocharger, developing 150 bhp to 170 bhp (depending on country) and generating torque of 240 Nm from 1,400 rpm. Mated to a 6-speed automatic and sequential gearbox, this engine guarantees an excellent at-the-wheel experience.
•     the new VTi 135 unit (1.8 16V with 136 bhp), equipped with a 5-speed manual or 6-speed auto/sequential gearbox. This new "core range" powerplant, launched with the Citroën C4 L, is available in China.

An international car
The Citroën C4 L is a 100% international car through:

•     its "project team". The C4 L was styled in China by a multi-cultural team, designed in Europe, developed by project teams based in Russia and China, and tested around the world in severe driving conditions. Citroën rolled out a fully international project to better meet the needs of each customer base;
•     its production sites. The Citroën C4 L will be produced as close as possible to its markets, initially at Wuhan in China and at Kaluga in Russia;
•     its product definition. By producing the C4 L locally, Citroën can adapt to the specific needs of each market in terms of interior design scheme, body colour and available features (engines, equipment, suspension settings).

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Fiat Panda 4x4, 2013

 

 

• Fiat Panda 4x4, 2013

The new Fiat Panda 4x4 - the only A segment four-wheel drive model - will be making its debut at the 2012 Paris Motor Show.

The successor to a bestseller which first appeared almost 30 years ago, today's third-generation four-wheel drive Panda is a perfect interpretation of the spirit of the times, proving itself able to unite consolidated off-road capabilities with a refined design and compact, efficient architecture. The Fiat Panda 4x4 is the superlative expression of the model's great versatility, a genuine "Super Panda", ready to tackle mountain mule tracks and the urban jungle with the same cool.

In addition to standard equipment able to satisfy the most demanding of customers, from a technical point of view, the new Panda 4x4 improves itself once again and reasserts its admirable capacity to compete with off-road cars of much greater dimensions (as well as much higher prices).

Style and dimensions
With five doors, the car is 368 centimetres long, 167 centimetres wide and 160 centimetres high. The wheelbase is 230 centimetres long. It has a front track of 141 centimetres and a rear track of 140.

For the look of the new Fiat Panda 4x4, Fiat Centro Stile designers started from the idea of consolidating its purely functional design features, adding small details that convey the image of an extremely sophisticated multifunctional mini SUV. Looks are strongly characterised by the marked geometric lines of the front and rear bumpers with aluminium colour cosmetic inserts to underline the presence of metallic protection under the body.

Unlike the previous generation, the tailpipes of the new Fiat Panda 4x4 seamlessly follow the lines of the body and ensure complete protection for the lower part of the car. Two body colours now complement the existing colour palette to enhance its 4x4 looks: Sicilia orange (pastel) and Toscana green (metallic).

The interiors pick up the solutions adopted on 4x2 versions with some important innovations: a new green fascia variant framing the instruments and the large storage pocket, fabric seats with a special design in three colour variant (green, beige, orange) and eco-leather details, front and rear door panels also with eco-leather inserts and finally a high console over the central tunnel which adds a further storage compartment to the 14 already present on 4x2 versions.

"Torque on demand" four-wheel drive and ELD (Electronic Locking Differential) function
The Fiat Panda 4x4 is equipped with a "Torque on demand" transmission system with two differentials and electronically controlled coupling. This is a permanent four-wheel drive system managed by an electronic control unit which, by analysing vehicle signals, distributes traction on the front and rear axle homogenously and proportionally according to road grip conditions. The advantages of this system are entirely automatic operation and no maintenance.

The Fiat Panda 4x4 features the ESC (Electronic Stability Control) system with ELD (Electronic Locking Differential) function as standard. This system provides additional assistance while driving and setting off uphill on slippery terrain (snow, ice, mud etc.). More specifically, the ELD acts by braking the wheels with poor grip (or those slipping more than the others), thereby transferring the drive force to those which have more grip on the ground. This function can be activated manually by pressing the button behind the gear lever and operates below 50 km/h.

Engine versions
Two engine versions for the Fiat Panda 4x4 will be available, both with Start&Stop: the new 85 HP 0.9 Twin Air Turbo and the 75 HP 1.3 MultiJet II diesel. With respect to the 1.2 Fire of the previous generation, the Twin Air Turbo has 40% more torque. This in combination with the special six-speed gearbox with low-range first gear ensures much better uphill starts, quality when starting, flexibility and pick-up. A similar improvement is found on the MultiJet II engine, where torque is increased by 30%.

Suspension
The suspension system of an all-wheel drive car has two main tasks to fulfil. It must ensure all typically 2WD features such as passenger comfort, handling, road hold and safety, and at the same time it must provide better characteristics for tackling any type of terrain, particularly off-road. Engineers worked on these parameters to reach both objectives. Levels of absolute excellence have been reached with a particular eye to comfort and off-road performance. For this reason, two tried and tested layouts were chosen: an independent MacPherson arrangement at the front and an interconnected wheel with torsion beam layout at the rear, specifically developed for the four-wheel drive version. With respect to the semi-trailing arm solution of the previous generation, the rear suspension is lighter and provides better ride and acoustic comfort with the same off-road performance as before.

Equipment
Elegant looks combined with real off-road mechanics. Here is, in brief, the spirit of the new model which continues the extraordinary success of the previous Fiat Panda 4x4 and is destined to be the benchmark in this particular market segment thanks to its refined style, attention to detail and comprehensive equipment. This is demonstrated by a complete and unique range of standard equipment: ESC system with ELD, manual climate control system, CD/MP3 radio, 15" burnished alloy rims, 175/65 R15 M+S tyres, electric rear-view mirrors, central locking system with remote control and rear head restraints. A vast range of optional equipment and accessories is available, to further enhance its mainly urban or off-road use as required.

Trekking and Natural Power: the Panda family gets bigger
The Panda has the most extensive, versatile range in its category, and to confirm this two important new Panda family members will be making their debut in Paris: the Trekking and Natural Power versions. The first is the link between the 4x2 and the 4x4 version by combining off-road looks with smart front-wheel drive by implementing Traction+ technology. This is an innovative traction control system, which improves handling on slippery terrain guaranteeing excellent performance when setting off. There is also the new Panda Natural Power equipped with a dual fuel (methane and petrol) 80 HP 0.9 Twin Air Turbo engine to combine all the running cost and eco-friendly advantages of methane with Turbo Twin Air technology for excellent fuel consumption, emission and performance values.

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Hennessey Venom GT, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

•  Hennessey Venom GT, 2011

Powering the Hennessey Venom GT is a 6.2L twin turbo V-8 engine producing an amazing 1,200 bhp and 1,155 lb-ft of torque. The Hennessey Venom GT is able to put all of it's power to the ground with the help of an adjustable traction control system. The Venom GT redefines supercar performance while being able to go from zero to 200 mph in under 16 seconds - nearly 8 seconds quicker than the Bugatti Veyron 16.4.

Inside, the Hennessey Venom GT merges high-tech materials with supple luxury. Machined metal meets carbon fiber - all surrounded by sumptuous leather - to produce an unforgettable cockpit.

Hold on tight to the sport steering wheel as the Hennessey Venom GT is capable off accelerating from zero to 60 mph in just 2.5 seconds.
Combined with a super-light curb weight of under 2,685 lbs (1,220 kilos), the Venom GT offers an unmatched power-to-weight ratio.

F1 meets road car. To maximize the power-to-weight ratio, the Hennessey Venom GT utilizes some of the most hightech racing components available today. This includes the use of carbon fiber body panels and hybrid wheels constructed of both carbon fiber and forged-aluminum.

Massive Brembo 6-piston alloy brake calipers combine with lightweight carbon-ceramic rotors to give the Hennessey Venom GT world-class stopping power while simultaneously minimizing curb weight and rotational mass.

The Hennessey Venom GT has an active suspension system that adjusts ride height according to varying conditions. The system allows a range of adjustment up to 2.4 inches (6 cm), enabling the driver to raise the Venom GT in order to navigate items such as a driveway or a parking garage.

All components aboard the Hennessey Venom GT are built for purpose, not flash. Lightweight carbon fiber surrounds an alloy shifter that actuates a Ricardo 6-speed manual gearbox. An AP Racing multi-disc clutch transfers the engine's copious power while remaining easy to modulate.

With lateral acceleration well exceeding 1 g-Force, body support for occupants comes in the form of race-spec, deep-side bucket seats that are constructed of carbon fiber and covered in fine leather.

Technical Specifications
    0-60 mph: 2.5 s
    0-200 mph: 15.9 s
    Top Speed: 275 mph (443 km/h)

    Power
        Horsepower: 1,200 bhp @ 6,500 rpm
        Torque: 1155 lb-ft @ 4,200 rpm
        Specific Output: 166 bhp / Liter
        Bhp / weight: 767.23 hp per ton or 2.61 lbs / hp
        Boost: 16 psi (1.1 bar)
        Fuel: 93 octane

    Engine
        Type: V8
        Block: Aluminum
        Size: 376 CID (6.2 Liter)
        Position: Mid Longitudinal
        Compression: 8.8:1
        Redline: 7,200 rpm
        Forced Induction: Twin Precision Ball Bearing Turbochargers
        Oiling System: Dry Sump Lubrication
        Fuel System: Sequential Multi-Port Electronic Fuel Injection

    Transmission
        Type: Ricardo 6-speed Manual
        Gear Ratios: 2.61:1, 1.71:1, 1.23:1, 0.94:1, 0.77:1, 0.63:1
        Final Drive: 3.36:1
        Speed by Gear
        I - 68 mph
        II - 104 mph
        III - 145 mph
        IV - 190 mph
        V - 232 mph
        VI - 275 mph (7,200 rpm)

    Brakes
        Calipers: Brembo 6-piston
        Rotors: 15.0 x 1.34 in. Carbon Ceramic

    Suspension
        Type: KW Variant 3 Adjustable Coilover
        Ride Height: Adjustable by 2.4 inches (60 mm)

    Dimensions
        Length: 15.27 ft. (4,655 mm)
        Width: 6.43 ft. (1,960 mm)
        Wheelbase: 110.24 in. (2,800 mm)

        Track
            Front: 63.46 in. (1,612 mm)
            Rear: 63.15 in. (1,604 mm)

    Body
        Material: Carbon fiber composite except doors & roof
        Type: 2-door

    Weight & Measurements
        Curb Weight: 2,685 lbs (1,220 kg)
        Dry Weight: 2,524 lbs (1,147 kg)
        F/R Balance: 37% / 63% (empty); 44% / 56% (with driver & passenger)
        Fuel Capacity: 18.5 gal. (70 l)

    Tires
        Front: 255/30/20 - Michelin Pilot Super Sport
        Rear: 345/30/20 - Michelin Pilot Super Sport

    Wheels
        Front: 9.5 x 20 in.
        Rear: 12.5 x 20 in.

    Price: $950,000 USD

    Options & Personalization
        Right-Hand Drive: $28,225
        Center Locking Hubs / Wheels: $37,500
        Dry "Naked" Carbon Fiber Exterior: $375,000

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Toyota Auris, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Toyota Auris, 2013

Representing the first step in Toyota's product offensive in the European C-Segment, the new Toyota Auris is bolder, more dynamic, better equipped and cheaper to run than ever before.

The new Auris reflects Toyota's determination to engineer more appealing, dynamically engaging cars and builds on a long-established reputation for quality, durability and reliability

It offers bolder, more confident and sleek styling, a higher quality interior design, improved driving dynamics and further enhancements to the technical leadership of its flagship, full hybrid model.

Aerodynamic improvements, weight savings and engine enhancements have seen fuel consumption and CO2 emission reductions across the range, further lowering running costs and the Total Cost of Ownership.

Toyota is the world's leading producer of C-segment vehicles, with 39 million units sold in over 140 countries since the introduction of the Corolla in 1966. The launch of the Toyota Auris Hybrid in 2010 made Toyota the first manufacturer to offer a choice of three powertrains in the C-segment.

Designed for the European market, its largest volume market, the new Auris will be built at Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK alongside the Avensis, reinforcing the company's commitment to its European operations.

TMUK celebrates its 20th anniversary this year with 3,265,000 vehicles produced since start of operations in 1992. Toyota Auris production currently stands at some 418,000 units.

Improved Packaging
At 4,275 mm the overall length of the new Auris has increased by 30 mm, though its wheelbase remains the same at 2,600 mm. The front and rear overhangs have both increased by just 15 mm, and the Auris remains one of the most compact cars in its class.

Significantly, the frontal projected surface area of Toyota Auris has been reduced by 4% over the current model and, without impacting on passenger accommodation, its overall height lowered by 55 mm (the cabin by 45 mm and the ride height by 10 mm), making it one of the lowestvehicle in the segment. In combination, these changes offer considerable aerodynamic benefits, contributing to improved fuel efficiency and driving dynamics.

The extensive use of high tensile steel in the bodyshell construction has helped to reduce the overall weight of the new Auris by up to 40 kg, whilst its overall reduction in height has also lowered the centre of gravity. The seat height has been reduced by 40 mm and the steering wheel tilt angle lowered by 2 degrees, creating a more engaging driving position with a low hip point.

A new front seat design increases rear seat knee room by 20 mm, and the rear door opening width has been enlarged. The loadspace length has been increased by 50 mm and the tailgate opening width increased by 90 mm. Featuring the added flexibility of a dual-level loadspace deckboard and 60:40 split-folding rear seats, all versions, including the hybrid, offer an increased luggage capacity of 360 litres.

More Dynamic Exterior Design
Designed to maximise the benefits of a reduced overall height and lower centre of gravity, the new Auris features an all-new exterior with more confident, sleek, and dynamic styling.

Nowhere is the next generation Toyota Auris' confidence and agility more immediately apparent than in its new frontal design. The new face of Toyota combines the company's Under Priority grille design style with Keen Look headlamp and LED Daytime Running Light (DRL) detailing to bring boldness to the Auris range, and a markedly more powerful road presence.

The Under Priority design features a large, trapezoidal lower grille set within the front bumper, and a smaller upper grille running full width between the new headlamps.

Beneath a low sweeping bonnet line dominated by a new, larger Toyota badge which is set lower than its predecessor, the upper grille features a central, chrome-plated horizontal trim bar which is visually extended into the headlamp clusters to accentuate the width of the vehicle.

Within the narrower, more purposefully styled headlamp clusters, the horizontal chrome trim bar flows into an 'eyebrow' form which accentuates the exceptionally narrow clearance between the bonnet and the Bi-HID (High Intensity Discharge) or halogen lamp projector unit. This highly innovative headlamp packaging also incorporates LED Daytime Running Lights (DRLs). Fitted as standard on all grades, they give the new Auris a unique visual signature.

Flanked by integral foglamp housings with chrome surround detailing, the large lower grille combines a piano black finish with a floating, lower chrome accent to the lip spoiler, once again accentuating the width of the new Toyota Auris and emphasising its planted, solid stance.

In profile, beneath a steeply raked windscreen flowing seamlessly into and new, lower, drag-reducing stepped roofline, an equally dramatic styling change sees a lengthening of the side glazing into three panels above a stronger, more pronounced rising belt line crease.

The door mirror has been repositioned within the glazed area, blacked-out pillars include a piano black finish to the B pillar, and, allied to a chrome accented beltline trim, a sweeping, more dynamic treatment of the rear pillar further accentuates the new Auris' lower, more elegant and sporting silhouette.

The new Toyota Auris' ride height has been lowered by 10 mm, narrowing the gap between the wheel arches and tyres, and aligning the wheel more closely with the bodywork to further accentuate the new vehicle's sleeker, more streamlined appearance. And a choice of wheels includes a new 15" and 16" wheelcap design and 16" and 17" alloys.

To the rear, a wider opening tailgate features powerful, convex and concave surfacing. It is topped by an integral roof spoiler and flanked by a new, wraparound rear combination lamp design which reinforces the shape of both the rear wing and rear screen, as well as the added strength of the shoulder over the rear wheel arch. The new bumper with reflectors integrated at the extremities reinforces the new Toyota Auris' broad, stable and sporting rear stance.

The new Auris will be available in a choice of ten exterior colours, of which four -Grey, Avant-Garde Bronze, Dark Steel and Blue- are new. Pearl White is exclusive to full hybrid models.

Class-leading Aerodynamics
This all-new exterior design awards the next generation Auris an excellent aerodynamic performance, contributing to both improved handling stability and reduced fuel consumption.

Allied to a lowering of the overall height by 55 mm, the 4% reduction in frontal projected surface area has a significant impact in lowering vehicle wind resistance. Flowing from the seamless sweep of a lower bonnet line and steeply raked windscreen, the new, stepped roof profile further reduces drag, whilst the rear spoiler is now fully integrated within the rear roofline, connecting seamlessly with the rear pillar to minimise turbulence in air flowing astern from the vehicle.

In conjunction with a lowering of ride height by 10 mm, equal attention has been paid to ensuring the smoothest possible airflow beneath the new Auris.The underfloor features a front spoiler, a lower absorber, an engine undercover, front spats, centre floor undercovers, tank side floor undercovers, a rear floor undercover and rear spats to maximise aerodynamic efficiency.

This underfloor aerodynamic performance is further enhanced through the positioning of wing-shaped vertical wings to the centre and rear floor undercovers, further smoothing the air flow under the vehicle to promote greater handling and high-speed stability.

As a result of the comprehensive aerodynamic measures, the new Toyota Auris' coefficient of drag has been reduced from Cd 0.292 to just Cd 0.28.

Higher Quality, More Unified Interior Design
Offering more space and greater comfort for occupants, the design of the new interior places the emphasis on improved sensory quality and -through consistency of lighting, font, colour and finish- a greater sense of unity for a more premium feel.

A new, cleaner design features bold forms, excellent functionality and high quality materials. The dashboard combines a strong sense of horizontality to reinforce front cabin width and spaciousness with a more ergonomic, driver-focused layout of instrumentation and switchgear.

The more driver-oriented nature of the design is reinforced by the strong curve of the instrument binnacle hood flowing down the side of the centre console to give a visual focus to the driver's cockpit area.

Within the new instrument binnacle, a clear, simple two or three dial design features white needles and numerals. All switchgear uses the same font, and both instrument binnacle and centre console are backlit in clear blue for a premium look and complete visual consistency.

Bringing a strong sense of visual coordination to the new interior, the meter surrounds, centre stack, transmission tunnel trim, air conditioning and audio controls, and door handles are all finished in a matching, high quality, satin silver finish.

The air vents, audio panel, transmission tunnel, steering wheel and gear lever are trimmed with a silver paint finish. On higher grades, the dashboard itself is finished in leather.

The new interior's sensory quality and visual harmony is further enhanced by the improved tactility of finishes through the cabin, with careful consideration given to every surface texture with which the occupants will come into contact.

The instrument panel upper surface and door trim shoulder areas are finished in soft touch materials, and the cockpit pillars are trimmed with fabric. The gearshift knob is of a new design, and the steering wheel is clad in the highest quality Nappa leather with single baseball stitching. Both assist grips and door grips are finished in a soft texture grain, and the door armrests are padded.

Incorporating longer travel and greater height adjustment, a new seat design offers excellent comfort. Standard on Style (Sport) grade, a newly developed sports seat offers a high level of additional lateral support.

Live (Entry) and Active (Mid) grade seats are finished in a high quality fabric; Style grade seats adding red panels. Lounge (High) grade seats are finished in black velour with genuine leather seat bolsters. Black, full leather upholstery is available as an option on Lounge grade models, with an Ice Grey leather option exclusive to Hybrid models.

The new Auris will be available with a new black interior colour scheme featuring matt textures. A matt grain with the appearance of real leather is created by combining a geometrical pattern of dots with leather grain texture.

The practicality of the new Auris interior is hallmarked by functional features and generous storage space. These include a glove box, a sunglasses holder, coat hooks, a coin box, 4 cup and 4 bottle holders, a sliding centre console armrest with document holder, dashboard and rear centre console storage space for small items, 3 12-Volt accessory sockets and an AUX external input plug, a removable package tray, deck hooks and a dual level loadspace deckboard.

Improved Driving Dynamics
The new Toyota Auris range benefits from enhancements to its bodyshell rigidity, suspension, steering, driving position and NVH characteristics to offer drivers a more comfortable and engaging driving experience.

New bracing and reinforcements to the underbody, front and rear structures, and front suspension have increased body rigidity. The extensive use of high tensile steel in the bodyshell construction has helped to reduce the overall weight of the new Auris by up to 40 kg.

Allied to this weight loss, reducing the overall vehicle height by 55 mm, ground clearance by 10 mm and the height of the new front seats by 40 mm has lowered the new Toyota Auris' centre of gravity, further improving the vehicle's high speed stability and cornering agility.

The reduced centre of gravity also allows for a reduction in spring rates and anti-roll bar diameter, helping to improved ride comfort, body control and steering response.

Numerous components of the front MacPherson strut suspension have been revised, including the design of the upper support, bound stopper, coil spring and shock absorber. The spring rate has been reduced and the shock absorbers fine-tuned to combine class-leading ride comfort with improved stability and excellent steering response.

1.33 litre petrol and 1.4 litre diesel engine models feature torsion beam rear suspension, whilst 1.6 litre petrol, 2.0 litre diesel and full hybrid models are fitted with a double wishbone system to the rear.

The Electric Power Steering (EPS) itself has also been improved. The steering column benefits from a more rigid attachment to ensure a linear steering feel, a new EPS control suppresses changes in steering force for improved linearity and a high gear ratio provides greater steering response. In all, these revisions equip the EPS with more directness, better feedback and quicker turn for greater vehicle agility.

Extensive improvements to the new Auris' NVH measures ensure that the new Toyota not only offers a more comfortable ride, but is also noticeably quieter. Extensive soundproofing within the engine bay, front wheel arches and dashboard has reduced both engine and road noise within the cabin.

Efficient Petrol and Diesel Powertrains
Average emissions for Auris have fallen steadily over the last years. When the first generation Auris was launched in 2007, the average emissions were 152 g/km. This fell to 142 g/km in 2009, and then down to 125 g/km in 2011 after the pioneering full hybrid version was introduced.

Now, with the launch of the new Auris, the average CO2 emissions level will drop to just 109 g/km, a further13% reduction on average compared to the previous generation.

This has been achieved by taking a total vehicle approach to emissions reduction and fuel consumption improvement, whilst at the same time improving drivability and dynamic performance.

Key to that have been improvements to the new Auris' powertrain line-up, which now features a choice of an improved full hybrid or two petrol and two diesel engines offering the performance- and economy-enhancing benefits of Toyota Optimal Drive.

At launch, the anticipated pan-European sales mix will be approximately 1/3rdfull hybrid, 1/3rddiesel and 1/3rdpetrol. This not only demonstrates the wide range of customer choice the line up brings, but also that full hybrid is a mainstream proposition, accessible to the largest possible audience - not a niche solution.

Toyota Optimal Drive
Toyota Optimal Drive showcases a combination of wide-ranging advanced technologies and internal improvement programmes designed to optimise the balance of performance and driving enjoyment with fuel economy and low emissions.

These diverse core technologies focus on three key aspects of powertrain development:
Firstly, the reduction of powertrain weight through the use of super-lightweight and highly compact engine components and transmissions throughout the new Auris engine range.

Secondly, the minimisation of mechanical losses through the adoption of Valvematic -a further development of VVT-i -in the 1.6 petrol engine, new roller rocker technology and smaller, lighter pistons in both petrol engines, low viscosity oil and 6-speed manual transmissions throughout the new Toyota Auris engine range.

Thirdly, the maximisation of combustion efficiency. This has been achieved within the new Auris petrol engine range through the use of high, 11.5:1 compression ratios, Valvematic, the refinement of intake port and combustion chamber design and piston cooling by oil jet. All new Auris diesel engines benefit from low compression ratios, optimised combustion chamber dimensions and enhanced Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler efficiency.

1.33l Dual VVT-i
Featuring innovative Stop & Start technology, the 1.33 litre petrol engine is equipped with Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (VVT-i) and a high compression ratio of 11.5:1, which increases the thermal efficiency of the engine. It generates 73 kW/ 99 DIN hp and maximum torque of 128 Nm at 3,800 rpm.

This excellent dynamic performance is combined with fuel consumption from 5.4 l/100 km and CO2 emissions from 125 g/km, a reduction of 0.4 l/100km and 11 g/km versus the outgoing model.

Profiting from Toyota's extensive motorsport experience, the small bore, long stroke unit is exceptionally lightweight and compact, improving the vehicle's power-to-weight ratio. It features a resin-type cylinder head cover and intake manifold, and the intake channel has been streamlined to optimise airflow for improved combustion efficiency.

Dual VVT-i helps boost response levels across the entire rev range by varying the air-fuel intake and exhaust valve timing to suit the conditions at any given time. In addition to improving torque at low and medium engine speeds, the system also reduces emissions and enhances fuel efficiency.

1.6l Valvematic petrol engine
Offering class-leading efficiency, power and torque, Valvematic is a further development of Toyota's highly successful Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (Dual VVT-i) system.

Valvematic takes VVT-i technology a step forward by adding lift and duration control to the inlet valve variable timing. This improves intake airflow volume and speed management -and, subsequently, combustion process management- to deliver more power for less fuel consumption, with reduced CO2 emissions. The adoption of Valvematic further reduces friction and pumping losses under light engine loads, further lowering fuel consumption.

Valvematic efficiency is further improved through the adoption of a variable length inlet manifold. This acts as an accelerator at low to medium engine speeds, maximising inlet air speed for optimum combustion efficiency. At higher engine speeds the manifold is fully open. This allows air to travel via a shorter route, maximising the volume of air entering the combustion chamber and, hence, engine power output.

Available with either a six-speed manual or MultiDrive S automatic transmission, the 1.6-litre Valvematic engine develops 97 kW / 132 DIN hp and a maximum torque of 160 Nm at only 4,400 rpm. When equipped with the manual transmission the unit returns a combined cycle fuel consumption of 5.9 l/100 km and generates CO2 emissions of only 138 g/km - reduction of 0.7 l/100km and 12 g/km. MultiDrive S transmission further reduces both fuel consumption and emissions, to 5.7 l/100 km and 134 g/km respectively.

1.4l D-4D diesel engine
Available with either a six-speed manual or six-speed MultiMode transmission, the 1.4 litre D-4D engine develops 66 kW / 90 DIN hp and maximum torque of 205 Nm at only 1,800 to 2,800 rpm.

The 1.4 D-4D 90 turbodiesel unit also benefits from improved Toyota Optimal Drive technology, maximising performance and driveability whilst minimising fuel consumption, and CO2 and particulate emissions.

A new 2-step hydraulic control valve is installed in the timing chain cover. This has the benefit of reducing friction when hydraulic pressure is low by opening and closing the relief valve based on driving conditions.

Engine warm-up time is minimised through the installation of a new coolant by-pass system that helps to reduce heat losses in engine coolant during start-up.

New generation piezoelectric injectors control the fuel volume and the timing of the injection more accurately. The high speed reaction time of Piezo injectors makes multi-phase high speed injection possible. This has the effect of both lowering the rate of combustion expansion and effecting a more thorough burn within the combustion chamber, thus further reducing particulate, NOx and CO2 emissions.

This, allied to higher common rail injection pressures of 160 Mpa, results in shorter injection times, combining a faster engine response with improved fuel economy and reduced CO2 emissions.

When equipped with the manual transmission and Stop & Start technology, the improved 1.4 D-4D 90 unit returns a combined cycle fuel consumption of 3.8 l/100 km and generates CO2 emissions of only 99 g/km - a reduction of 0.6 l/100km and 10 g/km.

So successfully has this performance been accomplished that the model's equipment specification has not been compromised, and customers still benefit from standard features such as single-zone air-conditioning.

2.0l D-4D diesel engine
Mated to a six-speed manual transmission, the 124 DIN hp 2.0 litre D-4D turbodiesel engine has been extensively revised and now features Stop & Start technology as standard.

The unit features a new turbocharger with a lower friction bearing system and an electric actuator. CO2 emission-reducing lubrication and cooling circuit improvements include a 2-stage pressure oil pump with improved oil jet, an optimised water pump with a reduced flow rate, and a twin-chamber oil pan to improve engine warming speeds.

Exhaust emissions are further lowered through a new glow plug control strategy and improvements to the construction and coating of the DPF.

The use of a resin cylinder head cover, oil cooler bracket and water pipe reduce engine weight by 3 kg. The reduction of friction through the adoption of a low friction vacuum pump, a low friction timing chain and low viscosity oil further enhance fuel efficiency. And combustion improvement through a new piston bowl shape and the new glow strategy has perceptibly lowered engine NVH.

As a result, the engine is quieter, torque delivery has improved and CO2 emissions have been lowered by 19% -from 138 to 112 g/km on the combined cycle. Fuel consumption has also fallen from 5.2 to 4.3 l/100km over the combined cycle.

MultiMode transmission
Available on the 1.4 D-4D 90 diesel version of the new Auris, MultiMode is an automated manual transmission with a fully automatic shift mode and no clutch pedal. It offers the driver a choice of two, fully automatic gear change modes or a manual, sequential gear change with steering wheel-mounted shift paddles.

Selecting E (Economy), M (Manual) or R (Reverse) allows the car to 'creep' in the manner of a conventional automatic. In E mode, the car makes automatic gear shifts that will maximise fuel economy. Selecting ES (Sport) mode will delay changing up to a higher rpm, giving a more sporting style of drive.

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