Vauxhall Ampera, 2012

 

 

• Vauxhall Ampera, 2012

The revolutionary Vauxhall Ampera  be the first electrically driven automobile with zero-emission capability in Europe that's suitable for everyday driving. With its Voltec electric propulsion system providing lively acceleration and high levels of refinement, the five-door Vauxhall Ampera seats four passengers in comfort, offers a useful boot for their luggage, and features an extended range of more than 300-miles.

Electricity drives the Vauxhall Ampera's wheels at all times and speeds. For trips up to around 40-miles, power is supplied by the electricity stored in the 16-kWh, lithium-ion battery.

While driving on electricity delivered by the battery, the Vauxhall Ampera emits zero CO2. When the battery's energy is depleted, a petrol or E85-fuelled engine-generator seamlessly provides electricity to power the electric drive unit while simultaneously sustaining the charge of the battery. This mode of operation extends the range for several hundred additional miles, until the battery can be charged via a standard household 240v outlet.

Unlike a conventional battery-electric vehicle, the Vauxhall Ampera eliminates "range anxiety," giving the confidence and peace of mind that the driver will not be stranded by a depleted battery.

The Vauxhall Ampera's battery pack will be manufactured by GM at the first lithium-ion production facility to be operated by a major automaker in the United States. More than 220 lithium-ion cells in the T-shaped pack provide ample power. The nearly silent electric drive unit delivers 370 Nm of instant torque, the equivalent of 15bhp, zero to 60mph acceleration in around nine seconds, and a top speed of 100mph.

The Vauxhall Ampera be well-suited to the daily driving schedule of most customers. For example, research by GM in Europe showed that approximately 80 percent of drivers travel less than 30-miles daily. Based on current fuel prices, Vauxhall predicts that the Vauxhall Ampera cost roughly one-fifth of the current cost per mile of an equivalent petrol engined car.

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Volkswagen E-Bugster Speedster Concept, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

•  Volkswagen E-Bugster Speedster Concept, 2012

The Beetle! - it is the successor to an automotive icon. The new car is considered the sportiest Beetle ever. Now Volkswagen has shown, in an Asian premiere at 2012 Auto China in Beijing, how this sportiness can also be transferred to a Beetle with pure electric drive. The Volkswagen E-Bugster was specially designed for this mission: a two-seat Beetle speedster, 85 kW in power, 0 to 100 km/h in 10.8 seconds, with zero emissions yet the sharpest of proportions.

Blue-e-Motion for a clean future
The central electric module of the Volkswagen E-Bugster has an innovative design; it weighs just 80 kg. The energy for powering the electric motor is stored in a lithium-ion battery whose modules are housed in a space-saving location behind the front seats. The battery's energy capacity of 28.3 kWh enables a range of at least 180 km in the urban world. And even in an enormous country like China, for the majority of commuters this is sufficient to drive to their workplaces and return home. Since the Volkswagen has a quick charging function, the battery can be 'refuelled' within 35 minutes at suitable charging stations. At home, the battery of the VW E-Bugster can also be charged from a conventional electric outlet. The interface for the charge cable is located behind the normal 'fuel door' near the C-pillar.

Thanks to a new Combined Charging System, the Volkswagen E-Bugster can be 'filled up' flexibly via one interface using any available charging modalities. Possible are:

•     Single-phase charging with AC current
•     Ultra-fast DC charging at charging stations (quick charge)

This be based on a new, uniform industry standard for the connectors of future electric vehicles that will be available to all manufacturers. And the standardisation goes beyond the plug itself: in the Combined Charging System, the charge controller and the electrical architecture must be able to handle all charging types. This will reduce costs and simplify widespread global implementation of electric mobility.

Charging the battery while braking
Just how much energy the driver of the Volkswagen E-Bugster is requesting with the 'electric pedal' at any moment is shown in a power display. Instruments also include a driving range indicator and a display showing the battery's charge state. Also new in the Beetle is an instrument that shows the driver the intensity of battery regeneration. Regeneration refers to the recovery of braking energy: as soon as the driver's foot leaves the accelerator pedal and/or brakes, kinetic energy is converted into electricity, which is stored in the battery. This increases the driving range of the VW E-Bugster. By the way, Volkswagen calls the complete electric drive unit Blue-e-Motion.

Visions become versions
Bugster? That sounds familiar. Of course: Ragster! That was in January 2005 in Detroit, where Volkswagen presented a New Beetle as a speedster with a swept-back ragtop (folding roof) - the Ragster. A design vision for the Beetle of tomorrow - wider, lower, sportier. In 2005, the slogan for the concept's feasibility was expressed as: "Everything is conceivable!" In 2012, it had advanced to: "Everything is feasible!" Because the idea of the Ragster - wider, lower, sportier - became a reality (with the exception of the ragtop) in October 2011 in the current production Beetle. So, what does the name E-Bugster actually signify? That is easy to explain: a combination of the 'E' for electric models, the American nickname for the Beetle, 'Bug' and the vehicle type 'speedster' that describes a low, open-top two-seater.

Proportions of a sports car
The Volkswagen E-Bugster is a Beetle that could hardly be made to look more dynamic. Actually, it is a sports car. It has a height of less than 1,400 mm, which is about 90 mm less than that of the hard top Beetle. And the production model already looks really powerful with its sharply sculpted proportions. The E-Bugster's width (1,838 mm) grew by 30 mm, while its length (4,278) remained the same as that of the production car. The Volkswagen E-Bugster displays unique dynamic styling from every viewing angle. Design details of the production version were supplemented by new styling elements. In its stance on the road, the concept car looks as though it were cast as a single piece. There is a very simple reason for this: in developing the production model introduced in October 2011, the Beetle design team had already considered all potential derivatives for future models on its radar screen of possibilities. And that is in part how a speedster with an E-motor evolved, the VW E-Bugster.

Bugster front and rear
In front, it is the swept-back and wide windscreen that catches the eye; its glass extends laterally to a point above the A-pillars. The Volkswagen E-Bugster, which is equipped with LED headlights, is also distinguished by the highly customized bumpers of the production Beetle: designers integrated the daytime running lights to the left and right of the central air intake as bands of LED lights in a C-shape (naturally mirrored on the right side). Ever since the e-up! concept car was presented in Europe, this form of daytime running light has been a feature on Volkswagen electric vehicle studies. These styling elements also appear in modified form as reflectors in the rear bumper, which was also redesigned. The rear windscreen of the E-Bugster proves that the rear windows of a speedster do not need to restrict visibility like the arrow slits in castle walls: it is extremely wide.

Speedster side profile
A speedster needs swept-back windows and a low roof, and the Volkswagen E-Bugster has them. First, let us survey the car's profile. The wheels beneath the flared wheel housings are 20-inch versions of the 18-inch Beetle 'Twister' wheels, equipped with 235/35 R 20 tyres. From the side sill, the viewer's gaze moves upwards over the large, smooth continuous surface of the door and the contour line above the door handle that looks as though it were carved with a knife. Just a few centimetres above this point, the Beetle becomes a speedster: designers lengthened the chrome strip of the lower window border towards the rear; it now runs (as it did on the New Beetle Cabriolet) once around the car, from A-pillar to A-pillar. The hard top of the 'Bug' extends in a low arc above this chrome line. Following the roof radius - in classic speedster style - is the upper border of the side windows. The height between the chrome lower window border and the uppermost roof line is a low 400 mm. And that is how it should be for a speedster!

Progressive interior
The combination of high-tech equipment and dynamic performance is also reflected in the interior. Sport seats and a continuous centre tunnel in body colour underscore the sportiness of the E-Bugster. The use of aluminium as the material for the door handles and belt guides, and the lightweight construction styling of the steering wheel also produce a direct connection between the exterior and interior. Starting the VW E-Bugster is a unique experience: the Start button not only activates the drive system; it also puts a light show into motion: first, the interior is immersed in a white light, then a blue light. It begins as a light pulse in the instrument cluster; from there the light emanates as a thin line of light, just one millimetre wide, coursing into the door window sills and around the air nozzles - a kind of visual awakening of the E-Bugster.

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Renault Megane RS Trophy, 2012

 

 

•  Renault Megane RS Trophy, 2012

With a power output of 265hp and peak torque of 360Nm, Renault Mégane RS Trophy delivers unrivalled efficiency for its class. A new tyre fitment and an increase in power make the very most of the Cup chassis' potential, without detracting from the car's acclaimed versatility and ride comfort.

A production run of 500 cars is planned, and Renault Mégane RS Trophy's specific styling features put it at the very top of the Mégane RS range.

Order books open on June 20, 2011, and the newcomer will be marketed in France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Prices in France will start from €35,500.

Technical evolutions for the existing, exceptional performance package
With maximum power of 265hp (up 15hp), peak torque of 360Nm (+20Nm) available across a particularly broad rev-band (3,000 to 5,000rpm), a power-to-weight ratio of 5.09kg/hp and specific power of 132.5hp/litre, the car boasts an exceptional performance package. Even so, Renault Sport's engineers have worked hard on the specification of the Mégane RS's 2.0-litre turbocharged engine to take driving enjoyment and response to even higher levels. Maximum turbo pressure has been uprated to 2.5 bar (up 0.2 bar), while the air intake design has been revised to take the higher pressure and higher running temperatures into account.

Performance has been enhanced in the process, and the result is a 0-to-100kph time of just 6.0s (down 0.1s), a top speed of 254kph (up 4kph) and the 1,000km standing start in 25.4s (down 0.3s). Beyond these statistics, however, the experience of driving Renault Mégane RS Trophy is a constant source of enjoyment and satisfying sensations. In addition to the finely-tuned set-up of the Cup chassis and the standard limited slip differential, a new tyre fitment contributes to the car's exceptional road-holding on dry roads, especially through tighter turns, as well as in the wet. The design of the Formula 1-inspired Bridgestone Potenza RE050A's asymmetric, directional tread pattern and the form of its tread blocks provide outstanding grip, stability and acoustic comfort, whatever the conditions. Last but not least, Renault Mégane RS Trophy's fuel-efficiency has been carefully optimised to return combined-cycle fuel consumption of just 8.2 litres/100km, equivalent to 190g of CO2/km, which represents a saving of 0.2 litres/100km and 5g/km over Renault Mégane RS at the time of the latter's launch.

Assertive yet seductive R.S. styling cues
Renault Mégane RS Trophy is recognisable at a glance thanks to its black roof, specific decals, new rear lip spoiler, 19-inch Gloss Black STEEV wheels with red piping and R.S. valve caps (optional or standard, depending on market) and numbered plaque. The LED daytime running lights also play a part in its striking looks. Renault Mégane RS Trophy marks the introduction of a new Sirius Yellow finish, an emblematic metallic paint that will be particularly appreciated by Renault Sport fans. This specific body colour is available as an alternative to Glacier White, Etoilé Black and Cassiopée Grey.

Inside, the Recaro bucket seats (fabric or leather, depending on market) add to the cabin's unmistakably sporty feel, as does the central display which shows the data provided by the R.S. Monitor. This innovative onboard data-logging system records performance and displays a range of mechanical parameters in real-time, a feature which owners will especially appreciate during track days, an exercise to which the Renault Mégane RS Trophy lends itself particularly well. Indeed, the car will be on show at the Renault Sport Day which forms part of the Renault Sport Enthusiasts Day programme at the Nürburgring, Germany, on June 17, 2011.

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Porsche Panamera Turbo S, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Porsche Panamera Turbo S, 2012

With its new top model in the Gran Turismo model line, Porsche is raising the bar for sporty four-door cars in the luxury class by yet another notch. The new Porsche Panamera Turbo S is a unique combination of performance and efficiency, driving dynamics and comfort. Despite the increased power and higher torque, fuel consumption values remain at the moderate level of the Panamera Turbo - yet another example of "Porsche Intelligent Performance".

Even for a top luxury class model, Porsche's new top-of-the-range Panamera boasts an extraordinarily comprehensive equipment level. For example, in keeping with the high performance Panamera's sporty concept, it features the sports exhaust system as standard for an even more emotional engine sound as well as every driving dynamics control system that there is for the Gran Turismo. Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC), an active rollstabilisation system, nips in the bud the vehicle's tendency to lean when cornering, thus enhancing agility and comfort in equal measure. Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus) applies a variable torque split to the rear wheels combined with an electronically controlled rear differential lock, thus ensuring superior traction in every driving situation. The steering system uses the speed-dependent Servotronic. It goes without saying that the suspension of the Panamera Turbo S features the Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) adaptive damper control and adaptive air suspension with additional air volume.

The sporty character of the new Porsche Panamera Turbo S is apparent not just in its performance but is also reflected on the exterior. The 20-inch 911 Turbo II wheels with increased rear axle track width, side skirts from the Porsche Exclusive range and the adaptive extending four-way rear spoiler in the exterior colour ensure particularly sporty performance and look. The fusion of exclusivity and sportiness is conveyed in the interior by the bi-colour leather finish, featured as standard. The new combination of black/cream is offered exclusively for the Panamera Turbo S with agate grey/cream also being added as an exclusive combination from autumn 2011.

Power unit with torque in abundance
The Porsche Panamera Turbo S engine is essentially identical to the Panamera Turbo's supercharged 4.8-litre, eight-cylinder engine delivering 500 hp (368 kW). The 50 hp (37 kW) increase in the power of the Turbo S engine to 550 hp (405 kW) can be traced to two main developments: Improved turbochargers with titanium-aluminium turbine wheels and modified engine control. The use of the innovative titanium-aluminium alloy reduces the weight of the turbine wheel to half the weight of the conventional Inconel turbine wheel. This results in a lower moment of inertia and thus in improved and more agile engine responsiveness. The result: As with the power, the maximum torque also increased from 700 to 750 Nm in the Porsche Panamera Turbo S. In the "Sport" and "Sport Plus" modes of the Sport Chrono Package featured as standard and during kick-down in normal mode, the eight-cylinder engine even reaches 800 Nm with the so-called overboost function. The power pack is behind the new top-of-the-range Panamera's record sprint times in every sprint discipline: The Panamera Turbo S needs just 2.6 seconds for in-gear acceleration from 80 km/h (50 mph) to 120 km/h (75 mph), managing the sprint from 100 km/h (62 mph) to 200 km/h (124 mph) in 9.1 seconds.

Designed in accordance with Porsche Intelligent Performance principles, the Turbo S engine offers not just more power and performance but also requires no more fuel than the Panamera Turbo for the same required performance. In addition to the basic design of the Porsche eight-cylinder engine, the biturbo V8's relatively low fuel consumption can be attributed to a whole string of detailed measures. On-board electrical system recuperation for example increases efficiency, with the battery being charged predominantly during braking or coasting phases. On the other hand when the car is accelerating, the alternator's charging current is reduced - the load on the engine is eased because it needs to supply less power for charging the battery. This power is then also available for acceleration. This is complemented by the auto start/stop function that kicks in when the vehicle is stationary and enables the vehicle to move off quickly and comfortably following stop phases.

Sport Chrono Package Turbo and new acceleration display
The Porsche Panamera Turbo S features the Sport Chrono Package Turbo as standard, tuning the engine and chassis by pressing the additional "Sport Plus" button, making them even sportier. Additionally, in the "Sport" and "Sport Plus" mode and during kick-down in normal mode, the overboost function is activated, temporarily increasing boost pressure. This increase in boost pressure significantly increases the maximum torque from 750 to 800 Nm, delivering more powerful acceleration and sprint speeds in the process. Moreover, the "Launch Control" racing start function ensures the best possible acceleration when moving off by optimally coordinating engine control and the PDK shift program.

The Porsche Panamera Turbo S is being brought to market with a new driving dynamics display in the right-hand tube of the instrument cluster. It provides the driver with a corresponding display of both instantaneous and maximum longitudinal and lateral acceleration. The driving performance of the Panamera Turbo S is therefore not just noticeable but visible as well. From autumn 2011 onwards the driving dynamics display will also be included as a new function in the Porsche Communication Management (PCM) system.

Driveline concept: Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) and active all-wheel drive
The new top model shares with the Panamera Turbo the driveline concept based on the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) and active all-wheel drive (Porsche Traction Management, PTM). The PDK combines the driving dynamics and very good mechanical efficiency of a manual transmission with the high level of gear selection and ride comfort of a conventional automatic transmission with no interruption to the power flow. To achieve this, it offers a manual mode including gear recommendation and an automatic mode. This enables the PDK to satisfy the Panamera customers' demands for both sportiness and comfort. As with the sports cars, the driver operates the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe using either the selector lever on the centre console or by means of two pushbuttons in the steering wheel spokes. A three-spoke sports steering wheel with shift paddles is also available at no extra cost. In manual gear change mode, the gear recommendation displayed in the instrument cluster assists economical driving.

PTM: All-wheel drive helps to apply power to the road
The benefits of Porsche's intelligent PTM all-wheel drive are particularly apparent in a high performance vehicle such as the Panamera Turbo S: Greater agility and driving dynamics, better traction and driving stability, enhanced vehicle control and driving safety when pushing the driving dynamics boundaries. Compared with conventional all-wheel drives, this is complemented by weight and fuel consumption benefits as a result of the compact design and improved driving performance as a result of the low centre of gravity.

Strictly speaking the smooth transitions make it impossible to differentiate between driving dynamics and traction. An example: Only if a vehicle has good traction, namely if the tyres don't develop excessive slip, is it possible to transmit cornering forces. What this means for the front axle is steerability and for the rear axle stability. Using PTM can reduce spinning of the drive wheels or ideally eliminate it altogether.

With the PTM in the Porsche Panamera Turbo S, the active all-wheel drive is implemented as a controlled, so-called hang-on all-wheel drive system accommodated within the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe housing. The electronically controlled multiple-plate clutch handles the fully variable distribution of the propulsive force between the permanently driven rear axle and the front axle with no fixed standard distribution. Permanent monitoring of the driving state makes for a lightning fast response to different driving situations: Sensors continuously monitor the number of revs for all four wheels, the vehicle's longitudinal and lateral acceleration and steering angle, among other things. If for example the rear wheels start to spin when accelerating, the multiple-plate clutch intervenes more vigorously to transfer more propulsive force forwards. In corners only sufficient propulsive force ever reaches the front wheels to ensure optimal lateral support. When the brake control systems kick in, the PTM fully decouples the front axle to allow PSM interventions on individual wheels.

A broad spread of settings: from sporty to comfortable
The new Porsche Panamera Turbo S chassis features as standard all the systems that Porsche has developed and introduced for the sporty Gran Turismo. Underpinning everything is the combination of adaptive air suspension and adaptive damper control, the Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) system. The PASM seamlessly varies the damper forces, adapting them to road surface conditions and the driving style. The driver can use the PASM chassis button on the centre console to choose between three settings - Comfort, Sport and Sport Plus.

In similar fashion, the adaptive air suspension enables an even wider spread of suspension characteristics by activating differential spring rates, offering very high ride comfort on the one hand and very sporty driving dynamics on the other. The adaptive air suspension features four air springs, each complemented by one integrated, controllable auxiliary volume for modifying the spring rate. If the driver selects the comfort setting, each individual air spring with its total air volume of approximately 2.2 litres ensures an especially soft ride that cossets the passengers, especially on long journeys. If on the other hand the driver prefers a sporty ride, closing a valve reduces the active volume to approximately 1.1 litres. This increases the spring rate; the spring travel characteristic curve becomes more progressive, thereby making the chassis tauter. The adjustment occurs in tandem with the PASM damping characteristic - PASM also switches to the Sport Plus program - thereby intensifying the driver's chosen chassis tuning. This makes for a wide variation in handling between comfortable and especially sporty. The adaptive air suspension in "Sport Plus" mode also lowers the body, further improving the Panamera's aerodynamics and centre of gravity, enhancing driving safety and reducing fuel consumption.

Featured as standard: PDCC and PTV Plus anti-roll system
With Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC), twinned with Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus), the Panamera Turbo S features the most highly specified version of the Panamera chassis as standard. PDCC prevents the chassis from rolling about the longitudinal axis of the vehicle by using active stabilisers on the front and rear axle to apply a countervailing force. The system also improves the vehicle's balance by dynamically distributing the roll torque. The result: Ultimate agility in every driving speed range as well as optimal cornering behaviour and stable load transfer behaviour. The greater agility is achieved by the tyre always being in an ideal position relative to the road surface, thus optimising the build-up of lateral forces on the tyre. At the same time, the self-steering behaviour is selectively influenced by the variable roll torque distribution.

As a consequence of greater agility and lower lateral inclination, PDCC perceptibly improves driving performance, handling and driving comfort as well as driving stability. This is most apparent on winding roads and at high speed. When driving in a straight line the stabilisers are decoupled, causing the suspension to respond more sensitively to uneven road surfaces on one side, thus offering even greater comfort.

PDCC, PASM and air suspension are always jointly influenced by selecting one of the three chassis programs. With the comfort setting selected, PDCC with anti-roll disengaged emphasises comfort on uneven roads for a relaxed ride. In Sport and Sport Plus mode, the systems' active interventions influence articulation behaviour, maximum anti-roll support, self-steering behaviour and traction, thus ensuring maximum performance and agility.

PTV Plus for even more cornering pleasure
When it comes to driving dynamics the benefits of the PDCC are further emphasised by Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus and the electronically controlled rear axle differential lock with variable locking effect. The system works by varying the torque distribution to the rear wheels and by employing an electronically regulated rear differential lock, optimising steering behaviour when being driven with a sporty driving style. Braking interventions applied to the inside rear wheel generate an additional rotational pulse in the direction in which the steering wheel has been turned. This results in a direct and dynamic steering action as the car enters the curve.

PTV Plus complements this by improving traction as required when experiencing high lateral acceleration, when accelerating on road surfaces with varying levels of grip and when accelerating out of tight corners. During load transfer when cornering, the vehicle's turning motion into the corner is less pronounced as a result of the countervailing yaw moment built up by the rear axle differential lock and straight-line stability is improved. The result is high lateral dynamic vehicle stabilisation - i.e. chassis stability - optimal traction and high agility at any speed with precise and stable load transfer behaviour.

High performance brakes, also available with ceramic discs as an option
The red brake callipers behind the wheels of the Porsche Panamera Turbo S announce the most powerful conventional brake system that Porsche installs on its Gran Turismos. The braking power on the front axle is provided by six-piston aluminium monobloc fixed-calliper brakes and 390 millimetre composite brake discs. These brake discs are made from a light aluminium pot connected with the grey cast iron friction ring. This reduces the unsprung masses. Four-piston aluminium monobloc fixed-calliper brakes and 350 millimetre diameter brake discs are fitted on the rear axle.

One of the few technical options that the Turbo S still leaves open, the race-proven and particularly efficient Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) system with yellow-painted brake callipers, is available if desired. The front brake discs are 410 millimetres in diameter, the rear ones 350 millimetres. Compared with a brake system with grey cast iron discs, the PCCB responds faster, has very high fading stability thanks to constant frictional values giving it high safety reserves under heavy stresses. Also, the ceramic composite material reduces the weight to approximately half that of a conventional grey cast iron brake disc of comparable construction and size. This ensures better road grip, enhanced driving and ride comfort as well as greater agility and yet further improved handling.

Tyres and wheels: For optimum driving dynamics and efficiency
Thanks to the combination of large track widths and wide tyres with different front and rear tyre dimensions, the Porsche Panamera Turbo S exhibits sporty, agile, precise and safe handling when being driven with an especially dynamic driving style. This combination makes for high driving stability with little lateral inclination of the body and high lateral acceleration potential. To do justice to the high performance, Porsche's partners in the tyre industry developed special tyre specifications and specially tuned them to the Gran Turismo. The sizes of the 20 inch tyres featured as standard are 255/40 at the front and 295/35 at the rear.

Precise and comfortable steering: Servotronic
The series version of the Porsche Panamera Turbo S includes Servotronic, a speed-sensitive powersteering system, upgraded yet again for all Gran Turismos. The steering is taut at high speeds. Steering manoeuvres are extremely preciseaccompanied by a high level of stee ring comfort. Conversely, at low speeds, Servotronic makes for especially smooth manoeuvring and parking.

Sporty luxurious appearance through and through
The sporty character of the new Porsche Panamera Turbo S is also reflected on the exterior. The 20-inch 911 Turbo II wheels with coloured wheel hub covers, combined with increased rear axle track width achieved by five millimetre thick wheel spacers, ensure especially sporty performance and looks. The side skirts from the Porsche Exclusive range, featured as standard, lend the new top model additional visual width. An additional unique selling point of the Panamera family: The adaptive extending four-way rear spoiler is painted in the exterior colour, but is also available in black if desired. The overall impression is rounded off by the "Panamera turbo S" lettering on the rear. From autumn 2011 onwards, the new Panamera Turbo S will also be available at no extra cost in agate grey metallic paint, reserved exclusively for this model.

Highly sophisticated adaptive light system as standard
The Panamera Turbo S comes with a highly sophisticated Porsche adaptive light system, comprising Bi-Xenon headlights, dynamic and static cornering lights, auxiliary headlights, speed-dependent driving light control and adverse weather light. The dynamic cornering lights are activated at a speed of 10 km/h (6.2 mph) and above. The light con trol system swivels the main headlights by up to 15 degrees into the corner. The static cornering light activates an additional halogen light source with a beam angle of approxi mately 30 degrees to the direction of travel. It is activated by the indicator or steering angle when stationary and at speeds of up to 40 km/h (25 mph). That means for example that the kerb is better illuminated when turning into a side road. At higher speeds it is activated by the steering angle alone.

Compared with the basic dipped headlight setting, the country road light offers greater range when illuminating the left hand side of the road and a wider beam. At higher speeds the control system adapts the shape of the light cone. It extends it forward, thereby improving visibility without dazzling oncoming traffic. Motorway lighting is activated at speeds in excess of 130 km/h (81 mph) or faster than 110 km/h (68 mph) and a longer stretch of road with small steering angles. Motorways lighting increases the light output and establishes a more effective boundary between light and dark at higher speeds. The adverse weather light is activated when the rear fog light is switched on and reduces reflection in poor visibility conditions such as fog or snowfall.

Interior: Bi-colour leather finish and comfort seats
The fusion of exclusivity and sportiness is conveyed in the interior by the bi-colour leather finish, featured as standard. The new combination of black/cream is offered exclusively for the new Porsche Panamera Turbo S with agate grey/cream also being added as an exclusive combination from the autumn. The birch anthracite interior package and prominent Porsche crest on the front headrests provide the finishing touch to the interior of the Porsche Panamera Turbo S. The front door entry guards and instrument cluster are embellished with "turbo S" lettering for additional differentiation.

The 14-way adjustable front comfort seats featured as standard are combined with the Comfort Memory Package for excellent ride comfort. The Memory Package includes extending seat bottom as well as lumbar support and electric steering column adjustment. Front and rear seat heating is featured as standard; seat ventilation is available as an option. Adaptive sports seats based on this seat system and including Comfort Memory Package with raised seat side bolsters and electric 18-way adjustment are available as an option. At the rear, two single seats with folding centre armrest afford generous head and leg room even for tall passengers.

Top-notch sound enjoyment: BOSE® featured as standard, Burmester as an option
Porsche Panamera Turbo S passengers will enjoy the sound of the BOSE® Surround Sound-System specially developed for the Panamera and fitted as standard. A total of 14 loudspeakers, a 200-watt active subwoofer with a Class D output stage and 200 millimetre speaker diameter as well as nine amplifier channels ensure an impressive aural experience. Overall output is 585 watts.

If so desired it can be replaced by the optional Burmester® High-End Surround Sound- System. If so, a unique aural experience will be delivered by 16 loudspeakers, controlled by 16 amplifier channels with a total output of more than 1,000 watts, rounded off by a 250 millimetre active subwoofer with a 300 watt Class D amplifier.

Conceptually, the design of this sound system broke entirely new ground. The crossover technology used has been carried over more or less unmodified from the Burmester® home audio sector. Analogue and digital filters were finely tuned for their own individual intended purpose. Ribbon-based tweeters (Air-Motion-Transformers, AMT) specially for the Panamera are used at the front, recognisable by their unmistakably fine and clear highfrequency sound reproduction. The customised loudspeaker housings are precisely tailored to the Panamera and deliver the optimum bass foundation, definition and impulse accuracy. The result: even at the loudest volumes an as yet unequalled, natural and richly textured spatial sound. Lightweight construction plays an important role with the Panamera sound system as well. Meaning that the combined weight of all the components of the Burmester® system is less than twelve kilograms.

New option: Lane Change Assist system for enhanced safety and comfort
From summer 2011 onwards the Porsche Panamera Turbo S is available with the Lane Change Assist (LCA) system as a new option, which will be available at the same time for the other Gran Turismo models as well. The system uses two radar sensors in the rear bumper to monitor the lanes on the right and left up to 70 metres behind the vehicle, including the blind spots. The Lane Change Assist system therefore enhances safety and comfort, particularly on motorways. The Lane Change Assist system is available in the 30 to 250 km/h (19 to 155 mph) speed range.

Specifications of the Porsche Panamera Turbo S
    Displacement: 4,806 cc
    Bore: 96.0 mm
    Stroke: 83.0 mm
    Compression Ratio: 10.5:1
    Engine Power: 405 kW (550 hp) at 6,000 rpm
    Max. Torque: 750 Nm at 2,250-4,500 rpm with overboost 800 Nm at 2,500-4,000 rpm
    Power Output per Litre: 84.3 kW/litre (114.4 hp/litre)
    Maximum Revs: 6,700 rpm
    Fuel Type: Premium Plus
    Dimensions
        Length: 4,970 mm
        Width: 1,931 mm
        Height: 1,418 mm
        Wheelbase: 2,920 mm
        Track width
            Front: 1,646 mm
            Rear: 1,642 mm
        Luggage compartment volume according to VDA: 432 to 1,250 litres
        Fuel tank capacity: 100 litres
        Unladen weight, DIN: 1,995 kg
        Permissible gross weight: 2,500 kg
        Permissible roof load: 75 kg
    Performance
        Top speed: 306 km/h (190.1 mph)
        0-100 km/h: (62 mph) 3.8 s
        0-160 km/h: (99 mph) 8.3 s
        0-200 km/h: (124 mph) 12.9 s
        0-1,000 metres: (3,2801 ft) 21.6 s
    Fuel Consumption
        Urban: 17.0 litres/100 km
        Extra urban: 8.4 litres/100 km
        Combined: 11.5 litres/100 km
        CO2 Emissions: Total 270 (265) g/km
        Emission Category: Euro 5

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Lexus GS 250, 2013

 

 

 

•  Lexus GS 250, 2013

The fourth generation Lexus GS features an all-new exterior reflecting a further development of Lexus' unique, L-finesse design philosophy, making the car look bolder and more dynamic.

Though remaining the same length, the new GS has a 10mm shorter front overhang, a 10mm longer rear overhang and is 30mm higher than its predecessor. Improving high speed stability, the front track has been increased by 40mm and the rear track by 50mm. Overall vehicle width has increased by 20mm.

Key to the new design is a more aggressive frontal treatment which gives the new GS the powerful, commanding road presence appropriate to a Lexus sports sedan.

In a further evolution of a styling cue first developed on the CT 200h, the inverted trapezoid upper grille and slanted lower grille have been combined and integrated into a single element, bridging the bumper mid-section to create a prominent 'spindle' shape. The brake cooling ducts at either side of the spindle grille combine a distinctive style with engineering functionality.

The bold, elegant and highly individual grille treatment makes the GS instantly recognisable as a Lexus at first glance, and will be adopted throughout the brand to strengthen the Lexus family identity between model ranges.

The grille is flanked by headlamp clusters clearly positioned on a higher plane than the grille itself. This is a unique characteristic of Lexus models, focusing the eye at the very apex of the vehicle to give the design a resolute look and strengthen the impression of speed and agility.

The headlamps themselves are underscored by newly developed, integral LED Daytime Running Lights (DRL) which form the L-finesse arrowhead motif, further reinforcing the unique visual signature of the new GS.

Exclusive to the hybrid GS 450h, a unique three-lamp design aligns the turn signal and Lexus-first high and low beam LED lamps in a single horizontal row. The improved illumination and beam range provided by LED lamps offers significantly superior visibility even under low beam driving conditions.

Integrating sharply sculpted front foglamp housings, the deep front bumper forms a wide, trapezoid shape which anchors muscular front wings and flared wheel arches, reinforcing the new GS's wider front track, broad stance and powerful road presence.

In profile, the new GS shares its predecessor's long, elegant cabin proportions and slingshot window design highlighted by a stainless steel door frame moulding. But a new, 15mm higher roofline reflects the increase in rear passenger accommodation and boot space whilst providing optimum aerodynamic performance for a drag coefficient of Cd 0.26.

The door handle design has been changed, making it easier to grip, and the smart entry lock mechanism has been changed from a push switch to a touch sensor, improving both appearance and operability. The door mirror now incorporates both an LED side turn signal lamp and a puddle lamp. Both the door panel gaps and the gap between wheel arches and tyres have been reduced, further enhancing the appearance of the new GS model range.

To the rear, the new design narrows behind the flared wheel arches, exposing the lower portion of the rear tyre to emphasise the vehicle's wide rear track. LED lamp clusters feature aero-stabilising fins to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and driving stability of the car. Uniquely, the rear bumper of the GS 450h covers the exhaust pipe apertures.

In addition to its new headlamp design, the new GS 450h may be further identified by hybrid-specific, front, rear and side blue badging.

F Sport Exclusive Features
The F Sport package is available across the entire GS model range. F Sport exterior design features include exclusive front grille and bumper, rear bumper and lip spoiler treatment, 19" alloys and grade-specific badging.

The F Sport front bumper design features a more three-dimensional form at the sides, incorporating enlarged side grilles. Combined with an exclusive, upper and lower grille mesh design, this reinforces the new GS's more aggressive appearance, wider track and sporting stance.

To the rear, F Sport petrol engine models feature a grey metallic paint finish to the bumper diffuser. The Lexus GS 450h F Sport diffuser combines grey metallic paint with a chrome plated moulding to the lower section of the bumper to further enhance the vehicle's road presence.

All F Sport models further benefit from a grade-specific rear spoiler and exclusive, dark premium metallic 19" alloy wheels.

Exterior Colours
The new GS is available in a choice of 11 colours, including three that are new to the Lexus colour palette: Crimson Red, Meteor Blue and Sonic Silver. Vehicles in Crimson Red benefit from glass flakes incorporated into the coating, adding a high level of brilliance to the paint.

Lexus engineers developed a new advanced coating process for the Sonic Silver finish. The new GS is the first Lexus to adopt this new coating technology. Vehicles with the Sonic Silver exterior appear more radiant as an additional metallic texture gives both strong shading and defined, sharp highlights. This metallic effect makes subtle and defined bodylines more noticeable and the surface appear finely polished.

INTERIOR DESIGN
An ergonomically designed, driver-focused cockpit enabling customers to remain alert and comfortable over long periods of time is an essential requirement of a sports sedan.

The new GS interior represents a continuation of the next generation Lexus interior design theme first seen in the CT 200h. With all functional driving components consolidated in the driver's seat surroundings, it combines outstanding ergonomics with advanced Human Machine Interface technologies.

Driver Focused Cockpit
A clean, elegant dashboard design forms a wide horizontal plane, emphasising the overall roominess of the interior, whilst the door and centre console trim support the driver and front passenger in a secure, cocooned environment.

The dashboard is divided into two distinct zones: an upper Display Zone, with the largest, ultra-wide, 12.3 inch, LCD multi-display screen yet installed in a production car, located at an ideal distance for at-a-glance viewing, and a lower Operation Zone, which allows access to system controls such as the second generation of Lexus' award winning, computer mouse-style Remote Touch Interface (RTI).

Every aspect of the driving position has been carefully considered to create the ideal placement of controls, maximise comfort and minimise driver distraction and fatigue

A new front seat features a lower hip point, placing the driver closer to the GS's centre of gravity, and combines optimum holding ability with superlative comfort. An extended seat sliding range caters for the widest possible cross-section of occupants. As well as a new mid seat back folding adjustment, multiple adjustment mechanisms include a butterfly headrest, shoulder support, side support, 4-way lumbar support, and a cushion length adjustable by 76mm .

The airflow volume of the seat ventilation system has been increased to almost twice that of the current model. And soft padded, tactile finishes to the centre console arm rest, knee pads and door arm rests further enhance the long-distance comfort of the driving position.

The steering wheel features an enlarged, 50mm telescopic reach to bring it closer to the driver, and has been set at a low angle to facilitate large steering inputs without the need for the driver to move their body unnecessarily through over-reaching. Even the cross-section has been painstakingly analysed; no longer uniform throughout the entire circumference of the wheel, its varying profile allows for a relaxing grip and smooth steering inputs.

Brake pedal operability has been optimised with a new pedal shape and surface angle, and the footrest size increased to 300mm for a better fit and greater comfort.

The driver's instrument binnacle incorporates large diameter Optitron dials. Minimising the driver's eye movement from the road ahead, a new Head-Up Display (HUD) relays essential driving information. Its visibility has now been significantly improved. By implementing a wedge-shaped glass for the windshield and the PVC film for displaying information, the clarity of projection has been increased as well as double image projection avoided. The HUD now displays a wider range of information including SPORT mode (tachometer) display and ECO bar display in addition to the speed and audio displays already implemented.

The driver's forward visibility has also been maximised - slim A pillars and a taller windscreen creating a wider field of view. And even the bonnet visibility range has been tailored to allow the driver to readily establish the vehicle extremities, making it easier to place when manoeuvring in confined spaces.

Comfort, Convenience and Contemporary Craftsmanship
Despite having an identical wheelbase length to that of its predecessor, the new GS offers increased space and comfort to all vehicle occupants. Both front and rear door openings have been designed for maximum ease of ingress and egress, with a particular focus on head clearance.

Front cabin occupants benefit from a new seat back design which is more comfortable for taller passengers. A greater seat sliding range and seat height adjustment give an increase in legroom and up to 30mm of extra headroom.

Rear seat passengers benefit from new seats with a revised seat back angle and redesigned cushion shape for greater comfort. A thin front seat design improves knee room by 20mm, and headroom has been increased by 25mm.

Allied to a new, more compact rear suspension layout, a wider opening, increased deck length and reduced deck height combine to make the new GS's luggage space more practical, and significantly increase its volume to up to 566 litres (a 31% increase over the current GS 350). The smart-packaging of the hybrid battery into a stacked format also increased the GS 450h's luggage capacity to up to 482 litres2 (a 61% increase over the current GS 450h).

Throughout the interior, high-quality materials and finishes convey a contemporary, premium look and feel, with a level of craftsmanship and attention to detail for which Lexus is globally renowned.

A new interior colour scheme replaces the traditional two-tone design with a more versatile palette. The dashboard, floor and steering wheel are uniformly black to create a sporting, luxurious feel. And the leather instrument panel features coloured stitching - available in grey and ivory depending on the interior tone- to enhance the premium quality of the cabin environment.

Matching seat and door upholstery will be available in a choice of six colours - Black, Ivory, Grey, Saddle Tan, Topaz Brown and Garnet. In addition to Ebony, Walnut and Bamboo wood finishes, newly developed Black Gloss and Aluminium bring a contemporary, artistic look and feel to the interior ornamentation.

A world first, the steering wheel of the GS 450h will be available in a real bamboo finish, symbolising the innovative spirit and environmental credentials of the vehicle's Lexus Hybrid Drive system.

The GS interior's air of sophistication and luxury is reinforced through Lexus' painstaking attention to detail throughout. It incorporates exquisitely crafted details such as satin metal trim, high quality stitching and the brushed aluminium knobs of the audio system. A new analogue clock with LED indicators, carved from an ingot, adds a unique touch.

The beautifully crafted interior is complimented by an all-white LED interior lighting system which creates an atmosphere appropriate to a premium performance sedan. Reinforcing the GS's highly refined on-board ambience, elements of the LED lighting illuminate to greet the occupants as they approach the car, even before it is unlocked, activating and fading thereafter in sequence with the vehicle starting procedure.

F Sport Exclusive Features
F Sport model interior design features include matching door and seat upholstery also available in Garnet -a grade-exclusive colour, combined with newly developed Aluminium ornamentation, 16-way electrically adjustable F Sport front seats, a black headliner and pillar finish, a dimple perforated leather steering wheel and gear knob, Aluminium pedals and dashboard trim, exclusive black logo scuff plates and F Sport badging to the steering wheel.

INNOVATIVE ON-BOARD TECHNOLOGIES
Several highly innovative technologies make a first appearance in the new GS model range, including a new, energy saving air-conditioning system with S-Flow and 'nanoe' technologies, a second generation Remote Touch Interface (RTI) linked to the world's largest on-board multi-information display screen, and a choice of audio systems offering unparalleled power and clarity.

Second Generation RTI with 12.3" Multimedia Display
The second generation Lexus Remote Touch Interface (RTI) multi-function control device has been enhanced for increased user-friendliness and ease of operation.

It now features the world's first slide haptic joystick mechanism -a planar slide-type controller that is much like a computer mouse, and the ENTER command is now accomplished by simply pushing the controller. Usability has also been improved through the addition of ambient lighting, and by minimising the difference in height between the RTI controller and the armrest.

RTI allows users to manipulate the cursor quickly and easily across the world's largest on-board multimedia display; a 12.3 inch, full colour, LED screen with an ultra-wide, 24:9 format. The screen's size allows for the permanent display of two types of information simultaneously, such as map/audio, night view/map and navigation input/incoming call.

Improved Navigation System
The new GS' navigation system has been enhanced by using also TPEG (Transport Protocol Expert Group) data including TFP (Traffic Flow and Protection) information, parking lot availability and fees which additionally allows to set a certain parking slot as destination.

S-Flow Air Conditioning with Nanoe Technology
Considerably more powerful than the previous system, the new air-conditioning features S-Flow technology to maintain optimum occupant comfort whilst significantly reducing power consumption. Using sensors it determines if the front passenger seat is occupied. If not, the system automatically closes all vents serving this seat. The same happens to the rear seats when the S-Flow button is switched on. This maximises system efficiency.

In addition the system measures the ambient air temperature, interior air temperature and insolation to determine the optimal level of air conditioning. The target airflow volume is customised for each seat through Temperature Airflow Output (TAO) control. When the thermal load is large (cooldown in summertime, warm-up in winter) air conditioning is implemented in the entire car to quickly obtain a comfortable interior temperature. Once the overall interior temperature is stabilized, the system concentrates only on occupied seats.

During the development of the centralised occupant sensing control system, intensive vehicle tests in wind tunnel facilities were performed. The system was also repeatedly tested on both test courses and actual roads to ensure it maintains comfortable driving in a range of environments.

In addition to the TAO control, upper and lower independent, multilayer air mix technology has been adopted to achieve an environment tailored for both driver, front and rear passengers. This allows for example to set the upper air mix for coolness to deal with effects of solar insolation, and at the same time the lower air mix for warmth.

The new system also introduces a 2-tier Interior / Exterior Air Control which prevents window fogging by inducing low humidity exterior air to the upper half of the cabin while maintaining excellent heating performance in the foot area by circulating interior air. This avoids ventilation losses which are characteristic to conventional control system where cold exterior air is induced into heated interior air.

The new GS is also equipped with a new deodorizing filter, which, in addition to the removal of pollen and dust, etc., also removes exhaust gas from the ambient air.

In addition, the air conditioning system incorporates a new 'nanoe' technology system. This air cleaning technology operates automatically when the air conditioning is turned on. It releases 20 to 50Nm diameter nanoe particles -negatively charged ions wrapped in water molecules- into the cabin via the driver's side dashboard air vent.

By attaching themselves to airborne particles and molecules, the nanoe ions have been said to have both an air purifying and odour eliminating effect. They also deodorise vehicle seats and ceiling to create a cleaner cabin environment.

In addition, because nanoe moisture content is approximately 1,000 times that of conventional ions, the emission of ions bonded to water molecules is said to have a moisturising effect on skin and hair, acting to enhance occupant well-being.

Audio Systems
The new GS range may be equipped with a choice of two audio systems.
The standard system represents the next generation of realism and clarity in Lexus sound. It features a fully digital Class-D amplifier capable of creating virtually distortion-free sound with minimal voltage losses. The natural sound dynamics and rich harmonies generated by the high definition amplification are faithfully reproduced by an enhanced, 12-speaker layout which features a new, front three-way system.

The new top of the range 17-speaker Mark Levinson® Premium Audio system creates sound based on the concepts of Effortless Dynamics and Effortless Transient Response, which combine natural dynamics with high response and tracking performance to offer sound quality equivalent to that of a live, concert hall performance.

Using the same technologies as those found in top-end home audio systems, it features a newly developed, Generation III ML5 amplifier. Far outstripping the performance of the current GS sound system, the new amplifier generates 125 Watts per channel and a total of 835 Watts (75W and 505W more power respectively than the current system), whilst consuming just 6.5 Amps -less than a quarter of the power consumed by the current generation system.

Developing twice the volume for the same power consumption, GreenEdgeTM power-saving technology has been incorporated into each of the 17 speakers. GreenEdgeTM technology covers a wider frequency band than conventional systems, giving an enhanced dynamic range.

The new Mark Levinson system features five, newly-developed, 90mm GreenEdgeTM Unity speakers with a coaxial structure which integrates mid- and high-range units within the same structure. The all-round cabin positioning of the five Unity speakers gives consistent timbre for both front and rear seat occupants, resulting in a whole new level of surround sound, definition, atmosphere and quality.

DRIVING DYNAMICS
The new GS has been designed to offer customers a much more engaging and pleasurable driving experience. It combines sharp, responsive steering and excellent body control with outstanding high speed stability and all the ride comfort expected from a Lexus performance sedan.

The significant improvements to the next generation GS's driving dynamics have been achieved on three levels:

• A re-engineered bodyshell with a 14% increase in rigidity, new suspension to promote optimum agility and stability whilst maintaining ride comfort, and more powerful brakes for enhanced stopping power and control.
• Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) to further enhance ride quality, stability, body control and steering response.
• The Lexus Dynamic Handling system; leading edge platform technology which offers the world's first integration of Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS), Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS), to coordinate every aspect of front and rear wheel control and provide agile, sharp and confident driving behaviour with a more direct response to the driver's actions.

Body Rigidity
Extensive computer aided design has been used to optimise body rigidity, ensuring precise vehicle movement in response to steering input.

The next generation GS features new underbody, rear suspension member and front end module components. Increased spot or laser welding has improved rigidity to the door openings, rear under body and rear partition. Additional reinforcement or thicker gauge sheet metal has been employed in the cowl panel, front and rear underbody and rear partition. And the design of the front suspension member, rocker inner and dash panel has been made stronger.

In combination, these enhancements have increased bodyshell torsional rigidity by 14%, allowing the new GS to respond with much greater accuracy to the driver's commands.

Aerodynamics
The new GS marks the introduction of a completely new approach to the management of airflow over the vehicle body - aerodynamic damping. The basic concept involves bringing the flow of air closer to the vehicle body, using it to help control the vehicle's movement to enhance handling stability.

Allied to smooth, flowing bodywork boasting exceptionally narrow panel gaps and minimal protrusions, the addition of numerous aerodynamic under-body elements and aero-stabilising fins further promotes vehicle stability and helps reduce wind noise to a minimum.

Particular attention has been paid to rectification of the airflow along the vehicle sides to provide body movement damping. The smoothing of airflow in and around the front and rear wheel arches, and the reduction of air pressure within the wheel arch itself contribute to improved steering response, a flat ride and enhanced road holding. In addition, the rear lamp clusters feature aero-stabilising fins which generate a vortex to the rear of the vehicle, helping to improve handling stability.

Acting in combination, these elements give the new GS optimum aerodynamic performance, and a drag coefficient of only Cd 0.26.

Suspension
The new GS features a double wishbone front and multilink rear suspension system which combines legendary Lexus ride comfort with excellent agility, optimum steering feel and a particular focus on rear stability.

The front, high-mount, double wishbone suspension set-up incorporates newly designed, unequal length upper and lower control arms in forged aluminium, to both reduce system weight and improve ride comfort. The rigidity of upper and lower arms, the hub bearing unit and the steering knuckle has been increased to enhance steering responsiveness. Caster trail has been increased to enhance straight line stability and steering feel.

Optimising roll attitude, the stabiliser arm ratio has been improved, the stabiliser system spring rate increased, and the shock absorber rebound spring rate substantially increased. In addition, lower bushing has been enlarged to minimise the transmission of vibrations.

To the rear, an advanced multilink set-up with toe control bars and an aluminium rear axle carrier has been completely redesigned. The spring and shock absorber have been separated to increase their efficiency and create a more compact design which improves the vehicle's luggage capacity.

Rear stability has been significantly improved through the addition of a rebound spring; increased stabiliser shock absorber arm ratios; the replacement of suspension ball joints with bush joints; the positioning of the toe control arm at the rear and the minimisation of toe change during the suspension stroke.

In addition to greatly increasing rear stability, these components also combine to improve the new GS's roll posture, ride comfort and straight line stability, whilst reducing harshness. Ride comfort has been further improved by the adoption of low-friction oil in both front and rear shock absorbers.

F Sport Suspension
F Sport models feature retuned front and rear suspension to further enhance the efficiency of the Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system, maximising body control and steering response for improved vehicle agility.

Both front and rear shock absorber characteristics have been modified to optimise AVS damping control, and the adoption of low-viscosity oil reduces friction for improved shock absorber efficiency. In addition, the rear suspension shock absorber has been inclined further to the rear, and the lower bushing enlarged and stiffened.

In combination, these modifications maximise the AVS system's control of body roll and, hence, improve the vehicle's response to steering inputs for increased agility and a more engaging driving experience.

Brakes
Featuring 334 x 30mm ventilated discs to the front and 310 x 18mm solid discs to the rear, the GS's braking system has been designed to offer drivers enhanced power and control, with improved pedal feel and a consistently fade-free performance. Simultaneously, tyre friction characteristics and ABS control have also been enhanced to minimise stopping distances.

Brake booster power has been increased, and the pedal shape, angle and ratio changed to provide instant response to changes in applied pedal force and greater controllability. Brake cooling performance has also been improved through an increase in ducted cooling airflow volume, minimising brake fade even under protracted use.

The GS 450h's Electronically Controlled Braking (ECB) system characteristics have also been modified to provide greater responsiveness from the first touch of the pedal.

All GS models fitted with the F Sport package are equipped with larger, 356 x 30mm ventilated front discs. A world-first, the hat section of the two piece rotor has been fabricated in aluminium to both reduce weight and suppress heat deformation.

Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system
The Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system allows the driver to fine tune the GS's ride characteristics with a choice of two damper settings; 'Normal' mode, for everyday driving comfort, and 'Sport S+' mode, for improved body control and precise responses to steering input whilst cornering.

In response to driving operation, vehicle body motion and road surface conditions, AVS automatically adjusts the performance of the suspension at all four wheels independently activates the adjustable damping force shock absorbers to fulfil a wide range of specific control functions.

Selecting the AVS system's 'Sport S+' mode automatically increases the difference between inner and outer shock absorber damping through corners to further reduce vehicle roll. Simultaneously, VGRS automatically reduces the steering gear ratio by approximately 10% whilst the Electric Power Steering (EPS) increases steering assist torque by some 4%. These measures combine to minimise body roll, sharpen vehicle handling and optimise steering feel for the ultimate in sports sedan driving.

Drive Mode Select System
The next generation GS features a Drive Mode Select function that allows the driver to choose between ECO, NORMAL, SPORT S and SPORT S+ driving modes, maximising either the vehicle's environmental efficiency or its dynamic abilities.

In ECO Drive Mode, engine power output, throttle opening and air conditioning are controlled automatically to maximise fuel economy. In addition to moderate drive force changes, the air conditioning functions are also adjusted, limiting ventilation losses. At temperatures below 10°C (for GS 450h) and 3°C (for petrol version) the seat heater switches on automatically. The air-conditioning changes to recirculation as from 20°C and the airflow volume is lowered when in 'high'. Additionally, the air-conditioning stays switched off until engine cooler water reaches 30.5°C.

The ECO mode can be selected by turning the dial anti-clockwise. Once selected, the meters and the 'ECO mode' indicator are illuminated blue.

In SPORT S mode the powertrain is adapted to increase acceleration response. In the petrol version this results from a shift timing change; in the hybrid version it is achieved through drive force and engine responsiveness enhancements in the partial and full throttle range respectively. SPORT S mode can be selected by turning the dial once clockwise. When selected the meter illumination turns red and the SPORT S mode is indicated on the 12.3'' screen.

Available on GS models equipped with the Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), SPORT S+ mode combines the SPORT S mode's enhanced powertrain output with coordinated control of the Vehicle's Dynamic Integrated Management (Step 5 VDIM) including Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS). When equipped with Lexus Dynamic Handling (LDH), also Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS) are included.

All these enhance the new GS' stability and steering rewarding the driver with the ultimate in sporting driving dynamics. The SPORT S+ mode can be selected by turning the dial twice clockwise illuminating the meters red and the SPORT S+ mode is indicated on the 12.3'' screen.

In addition, a new Sport-D Control system, activated when SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes are engaged, enhances the performance of the GS 350AWD's automatic transmission. With the gear shift level in D-range, Sport-D Control automatically shifts down the appropriate gear when the vehicle approaches a corner and maintains the gear when cornering, making maximum acceleration available to the driver as he exits the bend.

When M-range is selected, the driver benefits from the total control of fully manual gear changes via steering wheel mounted shift paddles. With rapid up shifting and throttle blipping on down shifts, customers can enjoy the most direct, sporting driving experience the new GS has to offer.

Enhancing the enjoyment of the new GS's expanded breadth of driving style preferences, the ambient illumination of the driver's instruments changes to a tranquil blue in ECO mode, whilst switching to red in both SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes. Switching to SPORT S and SPORT S+ modes in the GS 450h automatically changes the system power indicator into a tachometer.

The Lexus Dynamic Handling (LDH) System
The Lexus GS 450h F Sport can be equipped with the Lexus Dynamic Handling system, making it the world's first hybrid vehicle to feature an integrated four-wheel steering system.

The leading edge platform technology of the Lexus Dynamic Handling system offers an integration of Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS), Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS), to coordinate every aspect of front and rear wheel control and provide agile, sharp and confident driving behaviour with a more direct response to the driver's actions.

Monitoring vehicle speed, steering direction and driver inputs, LDH calculates the optimum angle for all four wheels. Using VGRS to the front and DRS to the rear, the system can independently control both front and rear wheel steering angles to greatly improve turn-in response, rear grip, vehicle stability and overall agility when cornering.

The LDH system monitors vehicle speed and yaw rate, steering angle and speed, and lateral G to calculate the required rear wheel steering input, to a maximum of 2.0 degrees. At most speeds below 80km/h the front and rear wheels turn in opposite directions. In certain conditions at speeds over 80km/h, front and rear wheels turn in the same direction.

Further coordinating DRS with VGRS and EPS, the Lexus Dynamic Handling system will automatically customise the adaptive suspension tuning and active safety systems to suit road conditions, vehicle speed and driving style, giving customers the confidence to fully exploit the new GS's exceptional driving performance.

ENGINES AND TRANSMISSIONS
In Europe, the new GS model range is available with a choice of three powertrains; the GS 450h full hybrid, featuring a second generation Lexus Hybrid Drive system; a revised GS 350AWD, with increased power and greater efficiency; and the Lexus GS 250, featuring a 2.5 litre V6 which is new to the GS model range.

GS 450h
Reinforcing the company's commitment to the future of full hybrid drive technology, the new GS 450h is equipped with a second generation Lexus Hybrid Drive system.

Incorporating comprehensive improvements to every aspect of its full hybrid powertrain, the new GS 450h offers significant reductions in fuel consumption and CO2, NOx and PM emissions, with no loss of performance.

With a total system power output of 254kW/345DIN hp, the GS 450h will accelerate from 0-100km/h in 5.9 seconds and has a maximum speed of 250km/h. Conversely, fuel consumption has been reduced by 23% to 5.9l/100 km, and CO2 emissions have fallen to 137g/km.

Lexus Hybrid Drive System Architecture
As with every Lexus hybrid vehicle, the new GS 450h is a full hybrid capable of operating in petrol or electric modes alone, as well as a combination of both. Its Lexus Hybrid Drive system features an ultra-smooth running, 213kW/290DIN hp, 3.5 litre V6 petrol engine mated to a compact, high-output, water-cooled permanent magnet electric motor, the two powerplants driving the rear wheels both independently and in tandem, as appropriate.

In addition to the petrol engine and electric motor, the new GS 450h's hybrid drive system further comprises a generator, a high-performance nickel-metal hydride battery, a power split device which, via planetary reduction gears, combines and re-allocates power from the engine, electric motor and generator according to operational requirements, and a compact power control unit to govern the high speed interaction of the system components.

3.5 Litre Atkinson cycle V6
Adapted specifically for the hybrid powertrain, the 3.5 litre, DOHC, V6 petrol engine benefits from several technical improvements. It adopts the Atkinson cycle to optimise the fuel-efficient benefits of Lexus Hybrid Drive.

With conventional four-cycle petrol engines, there are times when 'fuel enrichment' becomes necessary, cooling exhaust gases to prevent degradation or destruction of the catalytic converters. Because the intake valves close late in an Atkinson cycle engine, compression is delayed. This creates a high expansion ratio for less compression, reducing intake and exhaust energy losses and converting combustion energy to engine power more effectively. As a result, the exhaust temperature is lower than that of conventional engines.

Further reductions in fuel consumption have been achieved through a high physical compression ratio of 13:1, a new, mid-port intake tumble generator and the adoption of next generation D-4S direct injection technology.

D-4S is the latest evolution of Lexus' stoichiometric, 4-stroke, direct injection technology. With one injector installed in the combustion chamber and a second mounted in the intake port, it combines the strengths of both direct and port injection, realising optimum engine efficiency throughout the power band and improving torque across the rev range, whilst minimising fuel consumption and emissions.

The new GS 450h's next generation D-4S system features new slit-type injector nozzles with a modified port shape, a higher fuel pressure for more efficient combustion, and idle port injection for improved NHV characteristics.

Engine noise, vibration and friction has been lowered through the adoption of lightweight chain technology, a piston pin offset change and a reduction in the number of drive belt reinforcement ribs.

In addition, engine durability has been improved through the removal of all external oil lines, and environmental performance enhanced by a new-specification catalyst which contains greatly reduced levels of precious metal.

Additional Hybrid System Component Improvements
The cooling performance of the hybrid system's Power Control Unit (PCU) has been improved through the adoption of dual cooling paths and a single-piece, integrated DC/DC converter.

System control has been enhanced. The PCU boosts motor drive voltage to a maximum 650V in SPORT S mode and limiting it to a maximum of 500V in ECO mode to provide a more environmentally-friendly driving performance.

The electric motor features lighter mounts and a reduction in friction. And the system's regenerative braking operation range has been expanded, contribution to further improvements in fuel efficiency.

In addition, the battery layout has been redesigned; a new stacked configuration maximising luggage space.

GS 250
Expanding the powertrain line-up to offer further improvements in fuel economy and emissions, a 2.5 litre V6 petrol engine is available for the first time in the Lexus GS model range.

The V6 features D-4S direct injection, and Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) to both intake and exhaust camshafts, enhancing engine performance.

It develops 154 kW/209 DIN hp at 6,400rpm and 253Nm of torque at 4,800rpm, accelerating the Lexus GS 250 from 0-100km/h in 8.6 seconds and giving a maximum speed of 230km/h. Fuel consumption is 8.9l/100 km, and CO2 emissions 207g/km.

The new 2.5 litre V6 is mated to Lexus' '6 Super ECT' close-ratio 6-speed automatic transmission, which features a sequential manual shifting mode. As with the 3.5 litre engine, it incorporates numerous technologies including faster shift speeds, earlier torque converter lock-up and downshift throttle blips- to support the range of driving modes available through the Drive Mode Select system.

GS 350AWD
The 3.5 litre V6 petrol engine of the new GS 350AWD has been revised to lower both fuel consumption and emissions.

The advanced V6 features D-4S direct and port injection, and Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) to both intake and exhaust camshafts, significantly enhancing engine performance and reducing fuel consumption.

It develops 233 kW/317 DIN hp at 6,400rpm and 378Nm of torque at 4,800rpm, accelerating the GS 350AWD from 0-100km/h in 6.3 seconds and on to a maximum speed of 190km/h. Fuel consumption has been reduced to 10.2 l/100 km, and CO2 emissions are 237g/km.

The '6 Super ECT' close-ratio 6-speed automatic transmission features a sequential manual shifting mode. It incorporates numerous technologies including faster shift speeds, earlier torque converter lock-up and downshift throttle blips- to support the range of driving modes available through the Drive Mode Select system.

The GS 350AWD's electronically controlled all-wheel drive system is designed to improve traction and grip by automatically varying front-to-rear torque balance from 50:50 to as much as 20:80, providing exceptional stability under all driving conditions.

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